kubernetes---服务与卷

服务与卷

服务基础

服务图例

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.edge-pattern-dashed{stroke-dasharray:3}#mermaid-svg-kC0vmtbJ1uirmWIW .edge-pattern-dotted{stroke-dasharray:2}#mermaid-svg-kC0vmtbJ1uirmWIW .marker{fill:#333}#mermaid-svg-kC0vmtbJ1uirmWIW .marker.cross{stroke:#333} :root { --mermaid-font-family: "trebuchet ms", verdana, arial;} #mermaid-svg-kC0vmtbJ1uirmWIW { color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.75); font: ; } K8S集群 service headless service nodeport apache Pod apache Pod apache Pod 用户 用户

创建后端

[root@master config]# vim apache-example.yaml --- apiVersion: apps/v1 kind: Deployment metadata: name: apache-example spec: selector: matchLabels: app: myapp-apache replicas: 2 template: metadata: labels: app: myapp-apache spec: containers: - name: apache image: 192.168.1.100:5000/myos:httpd ports: - protocol: TCP containerPort: 80 restartPolicy: Always [root@master config]# kubectl apply -f apache-example.yaml [root@master config]# kubectl get pod NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE apache-example-65fb568b4c-p6mrl 1/1 Running 0 4m6s

创建服务

[root@master config]# vim service-example.yaml --- apiVersion: v1 kind: Service metadata: name: apache-service spec: ports: - protocol: TCP port: 80 targetPort: 80 selector: app: myapp-apache type: ClusterIP [root@master config]# kubectl apply -f service-example.yaml [root@master config]# kubectl get service NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE apache-service ClusterIP 10.254.78.148 <none> 80/TCP 9m46s

访问服务

服务只有在集群内部才可以访问，创建 Pod，在Pod 中访问服务

[root@master config]# vim pod-example.yaml --- apiVersion: v1 kind: Pod metadata: name: pod-example labels: app: myapp spec: containers: - name: myos image: 192.168.1.100:5000/myos:v1804 stdin: true tty: true restartPolicy: Always [root@master config]# kubectl apply -f pod-example.yaml [root@master config]# kubectl exec -it pod-example -- /bin/bash [root@pod-example /]# curl http://10.254.78.148/info.php <pre> Array ( [REMOTE_ADDR] => 10.244.3.12 [REQUEST_METHOD] => GET [HTTP_USER_AGENT] => curl/7.29.0 [REQUEST_URI] => /info.php ) php_host: apache-example-65fb568b4c-thks8 1229

扩容集群节点，服务自动扩展

# 在master上执行扩容节点 [root@master ~]# kubectl scale deployment apache-example --replicas=2 # 服务本质是LVS规则 [root@master ~]# ipvsadm -L -n TCP 10.254.78.148:80 rr -> 10.244.4.66:80 Masq 1 0 0 -> 10.244.5.11:80 Masq 1 0 0 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- # 在pod里访问 [root@pod-example /]# curl http://10.254.78.148/info.php ... ... php_host: apache-example-65fb568b4c-p6mrl ... ... php_host: apache-example-65fb568b4c-thks8

headless服务

[root@master ~]# vim headless-service.yaml --- apiVersion: v1 kind: Service metadata: name: apache-headless spec: ports: - protocol: TCP port: 80 targetPort: 80 selector: app: myapp-apache type: ClusterIP clusterIP: None [root@master ~]# kubectl apply -f headless-service.yaml service/apache-headless created [root@master ~]# kubectl get service NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE apache-headless ClusterIP None <none> 80/TCP 5s apache-service ClusterIP 10.254.78.148 <none> 80/TCP 74m kubernetes ClusterIP 10.254.0.1 <none> 443/TCP 2d20h #-----------------------------------进入pod查看解析结果------------------------------------ [root@master ~]# kubectl exec -it pod-example -- /bin/bash [root@pod-example /]# yum install -y bind-utils [root@pod-example /]# host apache-headless.default.svc.cluster.local apache-headless.default.svc.cluster.local has address 10.244.5.11 apache-headless.default.svc.cluster.local has address 10.244.4.66

nodeport服务

[root@master ~]# vim nodeport-example.yaml --- apiVersion: v1 kind: Service metadata: name: apache-nodeport spec: ports: - protocol: TCP port: 80 targetPort: 80 selector: app: myapp-apache type: NodePort [root@master ~]# kubectl apply -f nodeport-example.yaml [root@master ~]# kubectl get service NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE apache-nodeport NodePort 10.254.24.100 <none> 80:31410/TCP 7m10s #---------------------------所有node节点31410端口均可访问----------------------------------- # 在跳板机上访问服务 [root@ecs-proxy ~]# curl http://192.168.1.31:31410/info.php [root@ecs-proxy ~]# curl http://192.168.1.32:31410/info.php [root@ecs-proxy ~]# curl http://192.168.1.33:31410/info.php

ingress控制器

拷贝云盘 kubernetes/v1.17.6/ingress 文件夹到 master 上，导入镜像到私有仓库

[root@master ingress]# docker load -i ingress-nginx.tar.gz [root@master ingress]# docker tag quay.io/kubernetes-ingress-controller/nginx-ingress-controller:0.30.0 192.168.1.100:5000/nginx-ingress-controller:0.30.0 [root@master ingress]# docker push 192.168.1.100:5000/nginx-ingress-controller:0.30.0 [root@master ingress]# curl http://192.168.1.100:5000/v2/_catalog {"repositories":["coredns","etcd","flannel","kube-apiserver","kube-controller-manager","kube-proxy","kube-scheduler","myos","nginx-ingress-controller","pause"]}

安装控制器

[root@master ~]# vim ingress/mandatory.yaml 221: image: 192.168.1.100:5000/nginx-ingress-controller:0.30.0 [root@master ~]# kubectl apply -f ingress/mandatory.yaml [root@master ~]# kubectl -n ingress-nginx get pod NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE nginx-ingress-controller-fc6766d7-ptppp 1/1 Running 0 47s [root@master ~]# vim ingress/ingress-service.yaml --- kind: Service apiVersion: v1 metadata: name: ingress-nginx namespace: ingress-nginx labels: app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx spec: externalTrafficPolicy: Local type: LoadBalancer externalIPs: - 192.168.1.101 selector: app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx ports: - name: http port: 80 protocol: TCP targetPort: http - name: https port: 443 protocol: TCP targetPort: https [root@master ~]# kubectl apply -f ingress/ingress-service.yaml service/ingress-nginx created [root@master ~]# kubectl -n ingress-nginx get service NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) ingress-nginx LoadBalancer 10.254.152.162 192.168.1.101 80:30143/TCP,443:31025/TCP [root@master ingress]# vim ingress-example.yaml --- apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1 kind: Ingress metadata: name: my-app annotations: kubernetes.io/ingress.class: "nginx" spec: backend: serviceName: apache-service servicePort: 80 [root@master ingress]# kubectl apply -f ingress-example.yaml [root@master ingress]# kubectl get ingresses NAME HOSTS ADDRESS PORTS AGE my-app * 192.168.1.33 80 3m2s #----------------------- 在跳板机访问测试 ------------------------------------------------- [root@ecs-proxy ~]# curl http://192.168.1.33/info.php <pre> Array ( [REMOTE_ADDR] => 10.244.3.0 [REQUEST_METHOD] => GET [HTTP_USER_AGENT] => curl/7.29.0 [REQUEST_URI] => /info.php ) php_host: apache-example-65fb568b4c-p6mrl 1229

存储卷

nginx+php部署图例

水平集群部署案例

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.statediagram-cluster.statediagram-cluster-alt .inner{fill:#e0e0e0}#mermaid-svg-hQtGFfZ9fOw3oXIh .statediagram-cluster .inner{rx:0;ry:0}#mermaid-svg-hQtGFfZ9fOw3oXIh .statediagram-state rect.basic{rx:5px;ry:5px}#mermaid-svg-hQtGFfZ9fOw3oXIh .statediagram-state rect.divider{stroke-dasharray:10,10;fill:#efefef}#mermaid-svg-hQtGFfZ9fOw3oXIh .note-edge{stroke-dasharray:5}#mermaid-svg-hQtGFfZ9fOw3oXIh .statediagram-note rect{fill:#fff5ad;stroke:#aa3;stroke-width:1px;rx:0;ry:0}:root{--mermaid-font-family: '"trebuchet ms", verdana, arial';--mermaid-font-family: "Comic Sans MS", "Comic Sans", cursive}#mermaid-svg-hQtGFfZ9fOw3oXIh .error-icon{fill:#522}#mermaid-svg-hQtGFfZ9fOw3oXIh .error-text{fill:#522;stroke:#522}#mermaid-svg-hQtGFfZ9fOw3oXIh .edge-thickness-normal{stroke-width:2px}#mermaid-svg-hQtGFfZ9fOw3oXIh .edge-thickness-thick{stroke-width:3.5px}#mermaid-svg-hQtGFfZ9fOw3oXIh .edge-pattern-solid{stroke-dasharray:0}#mermaid-svg-hQtGFfZ9fOw3oXIh .edge-pattern-dashed{stroke-dasharray:3}#mermaid-svg-hQtGFfZ9fOw3oXIh .edge-pattern-dotted{stroke-dasharray:2}#mermaid-svg-hQtGFfZ9fOw3oXIh .marker{fill:#333}#mermaid-svg-hQtGFfZ9fOw3oXIh .marker.cross{stroke:#333} :root { --mermaid-font-family: "trebuchet ms", verdana, arial;} #mermaid-svg-hQtGFfZ9fOw3oXIh { color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.75); font: ; } user ingress nginx-service nginx nginx nginx nginx nginx php-service php php php NFS Server

垂直集群部署案例

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configmap配置

获取 nginx 配置文件，参考运维课程添加动静分离，并创建 configmap

[root@master configmap]# vim nginx.conf ... ... location ~ \.php$ { root html; fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000; fastcgi_index index.php; include fastcgi.conf; } ... ... [root@master configmap]# kubectl create configmap nginx-conf --from-file=nginx.conf configmap/nginx-conf created [root@master configmap]# kubectl get configmaps NAME DATA AGE nginx-conf 1 8s

如果需要修改配置文件

1、删除 configmap

​ 编辑新的配置文件，重新创建configmap

2、使用 kubectl edit configmap 名称直接修改（注意格式）

在容器中使用configmap

由于 apache 与 nginx 都使用 80 端口，把之前的实验容器全部删除

[root@master configmap]# kubectl get service NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE apache-service ClusterIP 10.254.78.148 <none> 80/TCP 5h43m kubernetes ClusterIP 10.254.0.1 <none> 443/TCP 3d [root@master configmap]# kubectl delete service apache-service service "apache-service" deleted [root@master configmap]# kubectl get deployments NAME READY UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE AGE apache-example 2/2 2 2 5h48m [root@master configmap]# kubectl delete deployments apache-example deployment.apps "apache-example" deleted

创建 nginx + php 容器，调用 configmap

[root@master configmap]# vim nginx-example.yaml --- apiVersion: apps/v1 kind: Deployment metadata: name: nginx-example spec: selector: matchLabels: app: myapp-nginx replicas: 1 template: metadata: labels: app: myapp-nginx spec: volumes: - name: nginx-php configMap: name: nginx-conf containers: - name: nginx image: 192.168.1.100:5000/myos:nginx ports: - protocol: TCP containerPort: 80 volumeMounts: - name: nginx-php subPath: nginx.conf mountPath: /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf - name: php image: 192.168.1.100:5000/myos:php-fpm restartPolicy: Always [root@master configmap]# kubectl apply -f nginx-example.yaml [root@master configmap]# kubectl get pod -o wide NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP nginx-example-bbb8ddf7b-kxrdf 2/2 Running 0 38s 10.244.4.67 [root@master configmap]# curl http://10.244.4.67/info.html <html> <marquee behavior="alternate"> <font size="12px" color=#00ff00>Hello World</font> </marquee> </html> [root@master configmap]# curl http://10.244.4.67/info.php <pre> Array ( [REMOTE_ADDR] => 10.244.0.0 [REQUEST_METHOD] => GET [HTTP_USER_AGENT] => curl/7.29.0 [REQUEST_URI] => /info.php ) php_host: nginx-example-bbb8ddf7b-kxrdf 1229

持久化存储卷

在 registry 上搭建NFS服务器

[root@registry ~]# yum install -y nfs-utils [root@registry ~]# mkdir -m 777 /var/webroot [root@registry ~]# vim /etc/exports /var/webroot *(rw) [root@registry ~]# systemctl enable --now nfs #-------------------------------下面在任意其他节点测试------------------------------ [root@master ~]# yum install -y nfs-utils [root@master ~]# showmount -e 192.168.1.100 Export list for 192.168.1.100: /var/webroot *

创建 PV

[root@master configmap]# vim pv-example.yaml --- apiVersion: v1 kind: PersistentVolume metadata: name: pv-nfs labels: app: web-nfs spec: volumeMode: Filesystem capacity: storage: 10Gi accessModes: - ReadWriteMany persistentVolumeReclaimPolicy: Retain nfs: path: /var/webroot server: 192.168.1.100 [root@master configmap]# kubectl apply -f pv-example.yaml persistentvolume/pv-nfs created [root@master configmap]# kubectl get pv NAME CAPACITY ACCESS MODES RECLAIM POLICY STATUS pv-nfs 10Gi RWX Retain Available

创建pvc，并绑定pv

[root@master configmap]# vim pvc-example.yaml --- apiVersion: v1 kind: PersistentVolumeClaim metadata: name: pvc-nfs spec: volumeMode: Filesystem accessModes: - ReadWriteMany resources: requests: storage: 8Gi selector: matchLabels: app: web-nfs [root@master configmap]# kubectl apply -f pvc-example.yaml [root@master configmap]# kubectl get pv NAME CAPACITY ACCESS MODES RECLAIM POLICY STATUS CLAIM pv-nfs 10Gi RWX Retain Bound default/pvc-nfs [root@master configmap]# kubectl get pvc NAME STATUS VOLUME CAPACITY ACCESS MODES STORAGECLASS AGE pvc-nfs Bound pv-nfs 10Gi RWX 27s

为资源文件 pod 添加持久卷访问支持，并在所有节点安装 nfs-utils 软件工具包

[root@node-0001 ~]# yum install -y nfs-utils ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- [root@node-0002 ~]# yum install -y nfs-utils ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- [root@node-0003 ~]# yum install -y nfs-utils ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- [root@master configmap]# kubectl delete -f nginx-example.yaml deployment.apps "nginx-example" deleted [root@master configmap]# vim nginx-example.yaml --- apiVersion: apps/v1 kind: Deployment metadata: name: nginx-example spec: selector: matchLabels: app: myapp-nginx replicas: 3 template: metadata: labels: app: myapp-nginx spec: volumes: - name: nginx-php configMap: name: nginx-conf - name: site-data persistentVolumeClaim: claimName: pvc-nfs containers: - name: nginx image: 192.168.1.100:5000/myos:nginx ports: - protocol: TCP containerPort: 80 volumeMounts: - name: nginx-php subPath: nginx.conf mountPath: /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf - name: site-data mountPath: /usr/local/nginx/html - name: php image: 192.168.1.100:5000/myos:php-fpm volumeMounts: - name: site-data mountPath: /usr/local/nginx/html restartPolicy: Always [root@master configmap]# kubectl apply -f nginx-example.yaml

添加 service 服务，并使用 ingress 发布到集群外部

[root@master configmap]# vim nginx-service.yaml --- apiVersion: v1 kind: Service metadata: name: nginx-service spec: ports: - protocol: TCP port: 80 targetPort: 80 selector: app: myapp-nginx type: ClusterIP --- apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1 kind: Ingress metadata: name: my-app annotations: kubernetes.io/ingress.class: "nginx" spec: backend: serviceName: nginx-service servicePort: 80 [root@master configmap]# kubectl apply -f nginx-service.yaml

在registry上添加网页文件，在跳板机上完成访问测试

拷贝 info.php 到 nfs server 的 /var/webroot/ 目录下

[root@ecs-proxy ~]# watch -n 1 'curl -s http://192.168.1.33/info.php'