静态路由、浮动路由实操

it2023-06-22 80

静态路由、浮动路由配置

在网络设计中，静态路由广泛得应用与点到点的网络连接，在这种静态路由指定数据分组的传输路径和设置路由器的缺省路由。

1. 静态路由的配置方法与步骤

在全局配置模式下，使用”ip route”命令配置静态路由，使用”noip route”命令删除静态路由配置。命令格式：ip route <目的网络地址><子网掩码><下一跳路由器的IP地址>

2. 浮动静态路由配置方法与步骤

当多条链路带宽差异特别大的时候，我们让高带宽链路成为主链路，低带宽成为备份链路，通过调整静态路由优先级达到链路冗余。默认优先级为60 优先级数值越小，优先级越高。

根据路由的选举规则调整路由的优劣，让高带宽链路更优，一般调整优先级。

路由的选举规则 ①比较掩码长度，越长越优 ②路由优先级，越小越优 ③路由开销值，越小越优路由的选举过程中比较的参数 ①掩码长度：掩码越长表示网段越精确，所以掩码越长越优。 ②路由优先级pre：不同的路由协议拥有不同的优先级，优先级表示通过这种方式学到的路由器的可靠程度，越小越优，直连路由pre为0。 ③路由开销值cost：描述从路由器本地到达目标网段的距离有多远，直连路由位cost为0。

静态路由、浮动路由实验

实验需求：使用静态路由实现全网互通，要求12.1.1.0/24网段为主链路，21.1.1.0/24为备份链路。分析：从拓补图中可以看出，左右两边分别是两个单臂路由，根据要求需要将12.1.1.0/24网段为主链路，21.1.1.0/24为备份链路，这里需要设置浮动路由；并用静态路由实现全网互通。

实验一般步骤： 1.配置ip 2.验证直连 3.配置路由协议 4.查看路由表 5.验证网段通信 6.pc测试

代码如下：

R1:

# sysname R1 # aaa authentication-scheme default authorization-scheme default accounting-scheme default domain default domain default_admin local-user admin password cipher OOCM4m($F4ajUn1vMEIBNUw# local-user admin service-type http # firewall zone Local priority 16 # interface Ethernet0/0/0 ip address 21.1.1.1 255.255.255.0 # interface Ethernet0/0/1 # interface Serial0/0/0 link-protocol ppp # interface Serial0/0/1 link-protocol ppp # interface Serial0/0/2 link-protocol ppp # interface Serial0/0/3 link-protocol ppp # interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 shutdown ip address 12.1.1.1 255.255.255.0 # interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0.2 shutdown # interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 # interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1.1 vlan-type dot1q 10 ip address 192.168.10.1 255.255.255.0 # interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1.2 vlan-type dot1q 20 ip address 192.168.20.1 255.255.255.0 # interface GigabitEthernet0/0/2 # interface GigabitEthernet0/0/3 # wlan # interface NULL0 # ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 12.1.1.2 ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 21.1.1.2 preference 61 # user-interface con 0 idle-timeout 0 0 user-interface vty 0 4 user-interface vty 16 20 # return

R2:

# sysname R2 # aaa authentication-scheme default authorization-scheme default accounting-scheme default domain default domain default_admin local-user admin password cipher OOCM4m($F4ajUn1vMEIBNUw# local-user admin service-type http # firewall zone Local priority 16 # interface Ethernet0/0/0 ip address 21.1.1.2 255.255.255.0 # interface Ethernet0/0/1 # interface Serial0/0/0 link-protocol ppp # interface Serial0/0/1 link-protocol ppp # interface Serial0/0/2 link-protocol ppp # interface Serial0/0/3 link-protocol ppp # interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 ip address 12.1.1.2 255.255.255.0 # interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 ip address 23.1.1.2 255.255.255.0 # interface GigabitEthernet0/0/2 # interface GigabitEthernet0/0/3 # wlan # interface NULL0 # ip route-static 192.168.10.0 255.255.255.0 12.1.1.1 ip route-static 192.168.10.0 255.255.255.0 21.1.1.1 ip route-static 192.168.20.0 255.255.255.0 12.1.1.1 ip route-static 192.168.20.0 255.255.255.0 21.1.1.1 ip route-static 192.168.30.0 255.255.255.0 23.1.1.3 ip route-static 192.168.40.0 255.255.255.0 23.1.1.3 # user-interface con 0 user-interface vty 0 4 user-interface vty 16 20 # return

R3:

# sysname R3 # aaa authentication-scheme default authorization-scheme default accounting-scheme default domain default domain default_admin local-user admin password cipher OOCM4m($F4ajUn1vMEIBNUw# local-user admin service-type http # firewall zone Local priority 16 # interface Ethernet0/0/0 # interface Ethernet0/0/1 # interface Serial0/0/0 link-protocol ppp # interface Serial0/0/1 link-protocol ppp # interface Serial0/0/2 link-protocol ppp # interface Serial0/0/3 link-protocol ppp # interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 ip address 23.1.1.3 255.255.255.0 # interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 # interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1.1 vlan-type dot1q 30 ip address 192.168.30.1 255.255.255.0 # interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1.2 vlan-type dot1q 40 ip address 192.168.40.1 255.255.255.0 # interface GigabitEthernet0/0/2 # interface GigabitEthernet0/0/3 # wlan # interface NULL0 # ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 23.1.1.2 # user-interface con 0 idle-timeout 0 0 user-interface vty 0 4 user-interface vty 16 20 # return

SW1:

# sysname SW1 # vlan batch 10 20 # cluster enable ntdp enable ndp enable # drop illegal-mac alarm # diffserv domain default # drop-profile default # aaa authentication-scheme default authorization-scheme default accounting-scheme default domain default domain default_admin local-user admin password simple admin local-user admin service-type http # interface Vlanif1 [SW1]int e0/0/1 [SW1-Ethernet0/0/1]dis [SW1-Ethernet0/0/1]display thi [SW1-Ethernet0/0/1]display this # interface Ethernet0/0/1 port link-type access port default vlan 10 # return [SW1-Ethernet0/0/1]int e0/0/2 [SW1-Ethernet0/0/2]dis [SW1-Ethernet0/0/2]display this # interface Ethernet0/0/2 port link-type access port default vlan 20 # return [SW1-Ethernet0/0/2]int g0/0/1 [SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]di [SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]display this # interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 port link-type trunk port trunk allow-pass vlan 2 to 4094 # return [SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1] [SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]q [SW1]dis [SW1]display cu [SW1]display current-configuration # sysname SW1 # vlan batch 10 20 # cluster enable ntdp enable ndp enable # drop illegal-mac alarm # diffserv domain default # drop-profile default # aaa authentication-scheme default authorization-scheme default accounting-scheme default domain default domain default_admin local-user admin password simple admin local-user admin service-type http # interface Vlanif1 # interface MEth0/0/1 # interface Ethernet0/0/1 port link-type access port default vlan 10 # interface Ethernet0/0/2 port link-type access port default vlan 20 # interface Ethernet0/0/3 # interface Ethernet0/0/4 # interface Ethernet0/0/5 # interface Ethernet0/0/6 # interface Ethernet0/0/7 # interface Ethernet0/0/8 # interface Ethernet0/0/9 # interface Ethernet0/0/10 # interface Ethernet0/0/11 # interface Ethernet0/0/12 # interface Ethernet0/0/13 # interface Ethernet0/0/14 # interface Ethernet0/0/15 # interface Ethernet0/0/16 # interface Ethernet0/0/17 # interface Ethernet0/0/18 # interface Ethernet0/0/19 # interface Ethernet0/0/20 # interface Ethernet0/0/21 # interface Ethernet0/0/22 # interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 port link-type trunk port trunk allow-pass vlan 2 to 4094 # interface GigabitEthernet0/0/2 # interface NULL0 # user-interface con 0 idle-timeout 0 0 user-interface vty 0 4 # return

SW2:

# sysname SW2 # vlan batch 30 40 # cluster enable ntdp enable ndp enable # drop illegal-mac alarm # diffserv domain default # drop-profile default # aaa authentication-scheme default authorization-scheme default accounting-scheme default domain default domain default_admin local-user admin password simple admin local-user admin service-type http # interface Vlanif1 # interface MEth0/0/1 # interface Ethernet0/0/1 port link-type access port default vlan 30 # interface Ethernet0/0/2 port link-type access port default vlan 40 # interface Ethernet0/0/3 # interface Ethernet0/0/4 # interface Ethernet0/0/5 # interface Ethernet0/0/6 # interface Ethernet0/0/7 # interface Ethernet0/0/8 # interface Ethernet0/0/9 # interface Ethernet0/0/10 # interface Ethernet0/0/11 # interface Ethernet0/0/12 # interface Ethernet0/0/13 # interface Ethernet0/0/14 # interface Ethernet0/0/15 # interface Ethernet0/0/16 # interface Ethernet0/0/17 # interface Ethernet0/0/18 # interface Ethernet0/0/19 # interface Ethernet0/0/20 # interface Ethernet0/0/21 # interface Ethernet0/0/22 # interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 port link-type trunk port trunk allow-pass vlan 2 to 4094 # interface GigabitEthernet0/0/2 # interface NULL0 # user-interface con 0 idle-timeout 0 0 user-interface vty 0 4 # return

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