iOS 使用CADisplayLink、NSTimer有什么注意点?

it2023-06-06  98

强引用问题

我们平时使用NSTimer或者CADisplayLink,如果不加处理直接使用系统提供的API方法,就有可能出现强引用问题(的英文注意强引用非循环引用)。

场景:控制器A-> push->控制器B,控制器B的实现如下:

#import "ViewControllerB.h" @interface ViewController () @property (strong, nonatomic) NSTimer *timer; @end @implementation ViewControllerB - (void)viewDidLoad { [super viewDidLoad]; //每隔一秒钟调用一次timerTest self.timer = [NSTimer scheduledTimerWithTimeInterval:1.0 target:self selector:@selector(timerTest) userInfo:nil repeats:YES]; } - (void)timerTest { NSLog(@"%s", __func__); } - (void)dealloc { NSLog(@"%s", __func__); [self.timer invalidate]; } @end

由控制器A进入控制器B,定时器开始工作,但当点击返回,由B页面返回A页面时,会发现控制器B的dealloc方法没有调用,说明控制器B并没有销毁。

那么这是为什么呢???是因为循环引用问题??,嗯,看着像,因为控制器B强引用timer,timer创造时引用target(即控制器B)产生强引用,从而产生了强引用。 ,实际上也不能算错,因为目前来看确实是有循环引用。但是当你把控制器B对timer的引用替换弱引用即:

@property (weak, nonatomic) NSTimer *timer;

你会惊讶的发现,前面的问题依旧存在。那么这又是为什么呢????,理应来说,控制器B弱引用timer,那么当- (void)viewDidLoad 方法执行完,timer的作用域就结束了,应该挂掉才对,实际上却没有,说明应该有别的对象强引用着timer。别的对象事实如此,这个其实就是Runloop对象。有源码为证(参考自GNUStep):

+ (NSTimer*) scheduledTimerWithTimeInterval: (NSTimeInterval)ti target: (id)object selector: (SEL)selector userInfo: (id)info repeats: (BOOL)f { id t = [[self alloc] initWithFireDate: nil interval: ti target: object // timer会强引用object selector: selector userInfo: info repeats: f]; [[NSRunLoop currentRunLoop] addTimer: t forMode: NSDefaultRunLoopMode]; RELEASE(t); return t; }

可以看到,timer创建³³之后的英文直接加入到了当前的Runloop中,由此可得:控制器B,timer,Runloop之间的引用关系:Runloop=> timer=> 控制器B。所以控制器B销毁不了的原因其实的英文timer对它存在强引用。

?如何那么呢解决其实只要将timer对控制器B的引用对划线弱引用即可,具体的方案其实网上都可以找到,这里也简单说一下:

**方案一:**换方法,使用block的方式实现。(简单明了)实现如下:

#import "ViewController.h" @interface ViewController () @property (strong, nonatomic) NSTimer *timer; @end @implementation ViewController - (void)viewDidLoad { [super viewDidLoad]; // 使用block方式,实现timer对vc的弱引用 __weak typeof(self) weakSelf = self; self.timer = [NSTimer scheduledTimerWithTimeInterval:1.0 repeats:YES block:^(NSTimer * _Nonnull timer) { [weakSelf timerTest]; }]; } - (void)timerTest { NSLog(@"%s", __func__); } - (void)dealloc { NSLog(@"%s", __func__); [self.timer invalidate]; } @end

**方案二:**增加一个代理对象。如下:

实现代码:

@interface MJProxy : NSProxy + (instancetype)proxyWithTarget:(id)target; @property (weak, nonatomic) id target; @end #import "MJProxy.h" @implementation MJProxy + (instancetype)proxyWithTarget:(id)target { // NSProxy对象不需要调用init,因为它本来就没有init方法 MJProxy *proxy = [MJProxy alloc]; proxy.target = target; return proxy; } - (NSMethodSignature *)methodSignatureForSelector:(SEL)sel { return [self.target methodSignatureForSelector:sel]; } - (void)forwardInvocation:(NSInvocation *)invocation { [invocation invokeWithTarget:self.target]; } @end #import "ViewController.h" #import "MJProxy.h" @interface ViewController () @property (strong, nonatomic) NSTimer *timer; @end @implementation ViewController - (void)viewDidLoad { [super viewDidLoad]; self.timer = [NSTimer scheduledTimerWithTimeInterval:1.0 target:[MJProxy proxyWithTarget:self] selector:@selector(timerTest) userInfo:nil repeats:YES]; } - (void)timerTest { NSLog(@"%s", __func__); } - (void)dealloc { NSLog(@"%s", __func__); [self.timer invalidate]; } @end

CADisplayLink的使用也是一样的。

#import "ViewController.h" #import "MJProxy.h" @interface ViewController () @property (strong, nonatomic) CADisplayLink *link; @end @implementation ViewController - (void)viewDidLoad { [super viewDidLoad]; // 保证调用频率和屏幕的刷帧频率一致,60FPS self.link = [CADisplayLink displayLinkWithTarget:[MJProxy proxyWithTarget:self] selector:@selector(linkTest)]; [self.link addToRunLoop:[NSRunLoop mainRunLoop] forMode:NSDefaultRunLoopMode]; } - (void)timerTest { NSLog(@"%s", __func__); } - (void)linkTest { NSLog(@"%s", __func__); } - (void)dealloc { NSLog(@"%s", __func__); [self.link invalidate]; } @end

计时不准问题

NSTimer定时器是是误差的,原因与Runloop有关。NSTimer依赖于Runloop,NSTimer创建之后需要加入到Runloop中,然后Runloop每次循环都会检查一下NSTimer,看是否需要执行相应的任务。但是Runloop每一次循环所花费的时间是不固定的,,任务误差,时间可能就长一点,任务少,时间可能就短一些。这是造成NSTimer误差的原因。

一句话:NSTimer依赖于RunLoop,如果RunLoop的任务过于繁重,可能会导致NSTimer不准时

可以使用GCD计时器(与Runloop没啥关系,直接调用内核函数)。

#import "ViewController.h" @interface ViewController () @property (nonatomic, strong) dispatch_source_t timer; @end @implementation ViewController - (void)viewDidLoad { [super viewDidLoad]; // 创建串行队列 dispatch_queue_t queue = dispatch_queue_create("com.long", DISPATCH_QUEUE_SERIAL); // 创建定时器 dispatch_source_t timer = dispatch_source_create(DISPATCH_SOURCE_TYPE_TIMER, 0, 0, queue); // 设置时间 uint64_t start = 2; // 2秒后开始 uint64_t interval = 1; // 间隔1秒 dispatch_source_set_timer(timer, dispatch_time(DISPATCH_TIME_NOW, start * NSEC_PER_SEC), interval * NSEC_PER_SEC, 0); // 设置事件回调 dispatch_source_set_event_handler(timer, ^{ NSLog(@"11111111"); // 需要执行的任务 }); // 也可以这样设定 // dispatch_source_set_event_handler_f(timer, fireTimer); // 启动定时器 dispatch_resume(timer); self.timer = timer; // 保住timer的命 } void fireTimer() { NSLog(@"11111111"); // 需要执行的任务 } @end

为了方便以后使用,下面将GCD的计时器进行一下封装。

.h文件

#import <Foundation/Foundation.h> NS_ASSUME_NONNULL_BEGIN @interface LCTimer : NSObject + (NSString *) execTask:(void(^)(void))task start:(NSTimeInterval)start interval:(NSTimeInterval)interval repeating:(BOOL)repeating async:(BOOL)async; + (NSString *) execTask:(id)target selector:(SEL)selector start:(NSTimeInterval)start interval:(NSTimeInterval)interval repeating:(BOOL)repeating async:(BOOL)async; + (void)cancelTask:(NSString *)task; @end NS_ASSUME_NONNULL_END

.m文件

#import "LCTimer.h" static NSMutableDictionary *timerMap_; static dispatch_semaphore_t semaphore_; @implementation LCTimer // 类第一次接收到消息时调用 + (void)initialize { static dispatch_once_t onceToken; dispatch_once(&onceToken, ^{ timerMap_ = [[NSMutableDictionary alloc] init]; semaphore_ = dispatch_semaphore_create(1); }); } + (NSString *)execTask:(void(^)(void))task start:(NSTimeInterval)start interval:(NSTimeInterval)interval repeating:(BOOL)repeating async:(BOOL)async { if (!task || start < 0 || (repeating && interval <= 0)) return nil; // 创建串行队列 dispatch_queue_t queue = async ? dispatch_get_global_queue(0, 0) : dispatch_get_main_queue(); // 创建定时器 dispatch_source_t timer = dispatch_source_create(DISPATCH_SOURCE_TYPE_TIMER, 0, 0, queue); // 设置时间 dispatch_source_set_timer(timer, dispatch_time(DISPATCH_TIME_NOW, start * NSEC_PER_SEC), interval * NSEC_PER_SEC, 0); dispatch_semaphore_wait(semaphore_, DISPATCH_TIME_FOREVER); // 任务的Id NSString *taskId = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%zd", timerMap_.count]; [timerMap_ setObject:timer forKey:taskId]; dispatch_semaphore_signal(semaphore_); // 设置事件回调 dispatch_source_set_event_handler(timer, ^{ task(); if (!repeating) { [self cancelTask:taskId]; } }); // 启动定时器 dispatch_resume(timer); return taskId; } + (NSString *)execTask:(id)target selector:(SEL)selector start:(NSTimeInterval)start interval:(NSTimeInterval)interval repeating:(BOOL)repeating async:(BOOL)async { if (!target || !selector) return nil; return [self execTask:^{ #pragma clang diagnostic push #pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Warc-performSelector-leaks" if ([target respondsToSelector:selector]) { [target performSelector:selector]; } #pragma clang diagnostic push } start:start interval:interval repeating:repeating async:async]; } + (void)cancelTask:(NSString *)task { if (task.length <= 0) return; dispatch_semaphore_wait(semaphore_, DISPATCH_TIME_FOREVER); dispatch_source_t timer = [timerMap_ objectForKey:task]; if (timer) { dispatch_source_cancel(timer); [timerMap_ removeObjectForKey:task]; } dispatch_semaphore_signal(semaphore_); } @end

简单使用:

#import "ViewController.h" #import "LCTimer.h" @interface ViewController () @property (nonatomic, strong) dispatch_source_t timer; @property (nonatomic, strong) NSString *taskId; @property (nonatomic, strong) NSString *taskId2; @end @implementation ViewController - (void)viewDidLoad { [super viewDidLoad]; self.taskId = [LCTimer execTask:^{ NSLog(@"222222 %@", [NSThread currentThread]); } start:2 interval:1 repeating:YES async:NO]; self.taskId2 = [LCTimer execTask:self selector:@selector(justForTest) start:2 interval:1 repeating:YES async:YES]; } - (void)touchesBegan:(NSSet<UITouch *> *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event { [LCTimer cancelTask:self.taskId]; [LCTimer cancelTask:self.taskId2]; } - (void)justForTest { NSLog(@"555555555"); } @end

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