Docker 常用命令

帮助命令

docker version # 显示 docker 的版本信息 docker info # 显示 docker 系统信息，包括镜像和容器的数量 docker 命令 --help # 帮助命令

文档地址：https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/

镜像命令

docker images 查看所有本地镜像

[root@ali-hk-2 ~]# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE nginx latest f35646e83998 8 days ago 133MB # 字段含义 REPOSITORY 镜像的仓库源 TAG 镜像的版本标签 IMAGE ID 镜像的 id CREATED 镜像的创建时间 SIZE 镜像的大小 # 可选项 -a, --all # 列出所有镜像 -q, --quiet # 只显示镜像的 id

docker search 搜索镜像

[root@ali-hk-2 ~]# docker search --help Usage: docker search [OPTIONS] TERM Search the Docker Hub for images Options: -f, --filter # 对搜索结果进行过滤 [root@ali-hk-2 ~]# docker search mysql -f=STARS=3000 # 搜索 STARS 大于 3000 镜像 NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED mysql MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation… 10087 [OK] mariadb MariaDB is a community-developed fork of MyS… 3698 [OK]

docker pull 下载镜像

# 下载镜像 docker pull 镜像名[:tag] [root@ali-hk-2 ~]# docker pull mysql Using default tag: latest # 如果不写 tag 则默认就是 latest latest: Pulling from library/mysql bb79b6b2107f: Already exists # 分层下载，docker image 的核心 联合文件系统 49e22f6fb9f7: Pull complete 842b1255668c: Pull complete 9f48d1f43000: Pull complete c693f0615bce: Pull complete 8a621b9dbed2: Pull complete 0807d32aef13: Pull complete a56aca0feb17: Pull complete de9d45fd0f07: Pull complete 1d68a49161cc: Pull complete 47834b5a7c81: Pull complete 7b0764b0009c: Pull complete Digest: sha256:b30e3c13ab71f51c7951120826671d56586afb8d9e1988c480b8673c8570eb74 #摘要签名 Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:latest docker.io/library/mysql:latest # 真实地址 # 指定版本下载 [root@ali-hk-2 ~]# docker pull mysql:5.7 5.7: Pulling from library/mysql bb79b6b2107f: Already exists 49e22f6fb9f7: Already exists 842b1255668c: Already exists 9f48d1f43000: Already exists c693f0615bce: Already exists 8a621b9dbed2: Already exists 0807d32aef13: Already exists f15d42f48bd9: Pull complete 098ceecc0c8d: Pull complete 0918bc006cab: Pull complete 2e0006443ed3: Pull complete Digest: sha256:8f084c4e1cbf80b1975344271c9ee4b4c0019f8d057c1d179644dd89eef46c0f Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:5.7 docker.io/library/mysql:5.7

docker rmi 删除镜像

# 可以通过镜像名称、镜像 id 进行删除 [root@ali-hk-2 ~]# docker rmi mysql:5.7 Untagged: mysql:5.7 Untagged: mysql@sha256:8f084c4e1cbf80b1975344271c9ee4b4c0019f8d057c1d179644dd89eef46c0f Deleted: sha256:2836a03e922fadf36e2d5cff005394cd8391f9c33d8ffb9e92220564c94fdfca Deleted: sha256:ef037e726bf99879545cdd0de116d04fcb02a41c0cb9aef796d45e00955c33c7 Deleted: sha256:808b3da01295593488144de32cc939673f055dcb02f79050b9c832d6e1a9dfcc Deleted: sha256:2d927a6eb4cc26ba5454193a3f4abf503b6cea710293d4f0e6d061c08578b687 Deleted: sha256:b96c2c2176ca7b5223469ad39c9e17509505233dd81030878bc12b03074baef4

容器命令

必须现有镜像才能创建容器，下面以 centos 镜像来测试学习

# 下载 centos 镜像 [root@ali-hk-2 ~]# docker pull centos

docker run [可选参数] image 新建容器并启动

# 参数说明 --name 容器的名字，用来区分不同的容器 -d 后台启动 -it 以交互方式启动，进入容器查看内容 -p 指定容器的端口 -p ip:主机端口:容器端口 -p 主机端口:容器端口 -p 容器端口 -P 随机指定端口 # 测试 启动并进入容器 [root@ali-hk-2 ~]# docker run -it centos /bin/bash [root@325b624ef124 /]# ls bin etc lib lost+found mnt proc run srv tmp var dev home lib64 media opt root sbin sys usr # 退出容器 [root@ca74052e60bf /]# exit exit

docker ps 列出所有的容器

# 可选参数 -a, --all 列出所有容器，包括历史运行过的 -n, --last int 列出最近创建的 n 个容器 -q, --quiet 只显示容器 id [root@ali-hk-2 ~]# docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 2c45d5e71b32 nginx "/docker-entrypoint.…" 45 minutes ago Up 45 minutes 0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp nginx01 [root@ali-hk-2 ~]# docker ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES ca74052e60bf centos "/bin/bash" 6 minutes ago Exited (0) 6 minutes ago zealous_grothendieck 325b624ef124 centos "/bin/bash" 8 minutes ago Exited (0) 6 minutes ago friendly_meninsky 2c45d5e71b32 nginx "/docker-entrypoint.…" 45 minutes ago Up 45 minutes 0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp nginx01

退出容器

exit # 直接退出容器容器停止 Ctrl + P + Q # 退出容器但容器不停止

docker rm 删除容器

docker rm [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [CONTAINER...] Options: -f, --force 强制删除一个正在运行的容器 [root@ali-hk-2 ~]# docker rm -f nginx01 nginx01

启动和停止容器的相关操作

docker start 容器id # 启动容器 docker restart 容器id # 重启容器 docker stop 容器id # 停止正在运行的容器 docker kill 容器id # 杀死正在运行容器

其他常用命令

后台启动容器

# 命令 docker run -d 镜像名 [root@ali-hk-2 ~]# docker run -d centos [root@ali-hk-2 ~]# docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES # 常见的坑：后台启动容器后 运行 docker ps 发现没有正在运行的容器 # 容器后台运行时，必须要有一个前台进程，否则 docker 会自动停止

查看容器的日志

docker logs [OPTIONS] CONTAINER Options: --details Show extra details provided to logs -f, --follow 跟踪日志输出 --tail string 要显示的日志条数 -t, --timestamps 显示时间时间戳

查看容器正在运行的进程

# 命令 docker top CONTAINER [ps OPTIONS] [root@ali-hk-2 ~]# docker top centos UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD root 14038 14022 0 16:58 pts/0 00:00:00 /bin/bash

查看容器的元数据

[root@ali-hk-2 ~]# docker inspect centos [ { "Id": "f291ddd68213a6395f0073c7a36a02a1b93ba1cc8e2a20df8f4ecd07674c0cbe", "Created": "2020-10-22T08:58:53.466878295Z", "Path": "/bin/bash", "Args": [], "State": { "Status": "running", "Running": true, "Paused": false, "Restarting": false, "OOMKilled": false, "Dead": false, "Pid": 14038, "ExitCode": 0, "Error": "", "StartedAt": "2020-10-22T08:58:53.734537157Z", "FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z" }, "Image": "sha256:0d120b6ccaa8c5e149176798b3501d4dd1885f961922497cd0abef155c869566", "ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/f291ddd68213a6395f0073c7a36a02a1b93ba1cc8e2a20df8f4ecd07674c0cbe/resolv.conf", "HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/f291ddd68213a6395f0073c7a36a02a1b93ba1cc8e2a20df8f4ecd07674c0cbe/hostname", "HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/f291ddd68213a6395f0073c7a36a02a1b93ba1cc8e2a20df8f4ecd07674c0cbe/hosts", "LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/f291ddd68213a6395f0073c7a36a02a1b93ba1cc8e2a20df8f4ecd07674c0cbe/f291ddd68213a6395f0073c7a36a02a1b93ba1cc8e2a20df8f4ecd07674c0cbe-json.log", "Name": "/centos", "RestartCount": 0, "Driver": "overlay2", "Platform": "linux", "MountLabel": "", "ProcessLabel": "", "AppArmorProfile": "", "ExecIDs": null, "HostConfig": { "Binds": null, "ContainerIDFile": "", "LogConfig": { "Type": "json-file", "Config": {} }, "NetworkMode": "default", "PortBindings": {}, "RestartPolicy": { "Name": "no", "MaximumRetryCount": 0 }, "AutoRemove": false, "VolumeDriver": "", "VolumesFrom": null, "CapAdd": null, "CapDrop": null, "Capabilities": null, "Dns": [], "DnsOptions": [], "DnsSearch": [], "ExtraHosts": null, "GroupAdd": null, "IpcMode": "private", "Cgroup": "", "Links": null, "OomScoreAdj": 0, "PidMode": "", "Privileged": false, "PublishAllPorts": false, "ReadonlyRootfs": false, "SecurityOpt": null, "UTSMode": "", "UsernsMode": "", "ShmSize": 67108864, "Runtime": "runc", "ConsoleSize": [ 0, 0 ], "Isolation": "", "CpuShares": 0, "Memory": 0, "NanoCpus": 0, "CgroupParent": "", "BlkioWeight": 0, "BlkioWeightDevice": [], "BlkioDeviceReadBps": null, "BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null, "BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null, "BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null, "CpuPeriod": 0, "CpuQuota": 0, "CpuRealtimePeriod": 0, "CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0, "CpusetCpus": "", "CpusetMems": "", "Devices": [], "DeviceCgroupRules": null, "DeviceRequests": null, "KernelMemory": 0, "KernelMemoryTCP": 0, "MemoryReservation": 0, "MemorySwap": 0, "MemorySwappiness": null, "OomKillDisable": false, "PidsLimit": null, "Ulimits": null, "CpuCount": 0, "CpuPercent": 0, "IOMaximumIOps": 0, "IOMaximumBandwidth": 0, "MaskedPaths": [ "/proc/asound", "/proc/acpi", "/proc/kcore", "/proc/keys", "/proc/latency_stats", "/proc/timer_list", "/proc/timer_stats", "/proc/sched_debug", "/proc/scsi", "/sys/firmware" ], "ReadonlyPaths": [ "/proc/bus", "/proc/fs", "/proc/irq", "/proc/sys", "/proc/sysrq-trigger" ] }, "GraphDriver": { "Data": { "LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/d35463bd13e8f8a5e873cbdec5445e83febe6246c0f828d52c01c4f8fcf37c12-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/1cabcfe84c2cd70817a13f63cd51d4e7f821d1852a023347081e29ff2aa65438/diff", "MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/d35463bd13e8f8a5e873cbdec5445e83febe6246c0f828d52c01c4f8fcf37c12/merged", "UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/d35463bd13e8f8a5e873cbdec5445e83febe6246c0f828d52c01c4f8fcf37c12/diff", "WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/d35463bd13e8f8a5e873cbdec5445e83febe6246c0f828d52c01c4f8fcf37c12/work" }, "Name": "overlay2" }, "Mounts": [], "Config": { "Hostname": "f291ddd68213", "Domainname": "", "User": "", "AttachStdin": true, "AttachStdout": true, "AttachStderr": true, "Tty": true, "OpenStdin": true, "StdinOnce": true, "Env": [ "PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin" ], "Cmd": [ "/bin/bash" ], "Image": "centos", "Volumes": null, "WorkingDir": "", "Entrypoint": null, "OnBuild": null, "Labels": { "org.label-schema.build-date": "20200809", "org.label-schema.license": "GPLv2", "org.label-schema.name": "CentOS Base Image", "org.label-schema.schema-version": "1.0", "org.label-schema.vendor": "CentOS" } }, "NetworkSettings": { "Bridge": "", "SandboxID": "9ede082f36d025c58a279e4f00ca8a5f10c51f5321cea78ff010f344a9ebd83c", "HairpinMode": false, "LinkLocalIPv6Address": "", "LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0, "Ports": {}, "SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/9ede082f36d0", "SecondaryIPAddresses": null, "SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null, "EndpointID": "ecbc15659116c0cb5b94a7fc128c5ac2562ebcd022d88edceb6c09220d91324f", "Gateway": "172.17.0.1", "GlobalIPv6Address": "", "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0, "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2", "IPPrefixLen": 16, "IPv6Gateway": "", "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02", "Networks": { "bridge": { "IPAMConfig": null, "Links": null, "Aliases": null, "NetworkID": "01a12f7e954c49fc007510ed99e644f57d8154295a417fdd168c791eed0f91ca", "EndpointID": "ecbc15659116c0cb5b94a7fc128c5ac2562ebcd022d88edceb6c09220d91324f", "Gateway": "172.17.0.1", "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2", "IPPrefixLen": 16, "IPv6Gateway": "", "GlobalIPv6Address": "", "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0, "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02", "DriverOpts": null } } } } ]

进入当前正在运行的容器

# 命令 docker exec [OPTIONS] CONTAINER COMMAND [ARG...] [root@ali-hk-2 ~]# docker exec -it centos /bin/bash [root@f291ddd68213 /]# # docker exec # 进入容器后开启一个新的终端 # docker attach # 进入容器正在运行的终端

从容器内拷贝文件到主机

# 命令 docker cp [OPTIONS] 容器:原始路径 目标路径 [root@ali-hk-2 ~]# docker cp centos:/test.java /root