redux编写的应用主要的目录包括src/index.js、src/App.js、redux/action-types.js、redux/reducers.js.
注意:this.props.store.getState()与this.props.store.dispatch()的使用
① 学习文档:
1)英文文档:https://redux.js.org/
2)中文文档:http://www.redux.org.cn/
3)github: https://github.com/reactjs/redux
② redux是什么?
1)redux是一个独立专门用于做状态管理的JS库(不是react插件库)
2)它可以用在react、angular、vue等项目中,但基本与react配合使用
3)作用:集中式管理react应用中多个组件共享的状态
③ 什么情况下使用redux
1)总体原则:能不用就不用,如果不用比较吃力才考虑使用
2)某个组件的状态,需要共享
3)某个状态需要在任何地方都可以拿到
4)一个组件需要改变全局状态
5) 一个组件需要改变另一个组件的状态
① createStore() —— redux核心函数
1)作用:创建包含指定reducer的store对象
2)编码:
import {createStore} from 'redux' import {counter} from './reducers' const store = createStore(counter)② store对象
1)作用:redux库最核心的管理对象
2)它内部维护着:state和reducer(根据旧的状态产生新的状态的函数)
3)核心方法:
getState()
dispatch(action)
subscribe(listener)
4)编码:
store.getState() store.dispatch({type:'INCREMENT',data:number}) store.subscribe(render)③ applyMiddleware()
1)作用:应用上基于redux的中间件(插件库)
2)编码:
import {createStore,applyMiddleware} from 'redux' import thunk from 'redux-thunk' // redux异步中间件 const store = createStore( counter, applyMiddleware(thunk) // 应用上异步中间件 )④ combineReducers()
1)作用:合并多个reducer函数
2)编码:
export default combineReducers({ user, chatUser, chat })① action
a. 标识要执行行为的对象
b. 包含2个方面的属性:
type:标识属性,值为字符串,唯一,必要属性
data:数据属性,值类型任意,可选属性
c. 例子:
const action = { type:'INCREMENT', data: 2 }d. Action Creator(创建Action的工厂函数)
const increment = number =>({ type:'INCREMENT', data:number })② reducer
a. 根据旧的state和action,产生新的state的纯函数
b. 样例:
import {INCREMENT, DECREMENT} from "./action-types"; export function counter(state = 0, action) { switch (action.type) { case INCREMENT: return state + action.data case DECREMENT: return state - action.data default: return state } }c. 注意:返回一个新的状态;不要修改原来的状态。
③ store —— 最终是管理state
a. 将state、action与reducer联系在一起的对象
b. 如何得到此对象?
import {createStore} from 'redux' import reducer from './reducers' const store = createStore(reducer)c. 此对象的功能?
getState():得到state dispatch(action):分发action,触发reducer调用,产生新的state subscribe(listener):注册监听,当产生了新的state时,自动调用1. 下载redux依赖包
cnpm i --save redux2. action-types.js
/* * 包含所有的action type的常量字符串 * */ export const INCREMENT = 'INCREMENT' export const DECREMENT = 'DECREMENT'3. reducers.js
import {INCREMENT, DECREMENT} from "./action-types"; export function counter(state = 0, action) { switch (action.type) { case INCREMENT: return state + action.data case DECREMENT: return state - action.data default: return state } }3. index.js
import React from 'react'; import ReactDOM from 'react-dom'; import {createStore} from "redux"; import {counter} from './redux/redux_counter/reducers' import App from "./App"; const store = createStore(counter) function render() { ReactDOM.render( <App store={store}/> , document.getElementById('root') ); } // 初始化渲染 render() //订阅监听(store中的状态变化了,就会自动调用进行重绘) store.subscribe(render)4. App.js
import React, {Component} from 'react'; import {DECREMENT, INCREMENT} from "./redux/redux_counter/action-types"; //非受控组件select的使用 class App extends Component { // 增加 increment = () => { const number = this.select.value * 1 // const {count} = this.state // this.setState({count: count + number}) // 调用store的方法更新状态 this.props.store.dispatch({type: INCREMENT, data: number}) } // 减少 decrement = () => { const number = this.select.value * 1 // const count = this.props.store.getState() // this.setState({count: count - number}) this.props.store.dispatch({type: DECREMENT, data: number}) } // 偶数增加(满足条件后再增加) incrementIfOdd = () => { const number = this.select.value * 1 const count = this.props.store.getState() if (count % 2 === 1) { // this.setState({count: count + number}) this.props.store.dispatch({type: INCREMENT, data: number}) } else { alert(`${count}不是奇数呦!`) } } // 异步增加(设置延时定时器) incrementAsync = () => { const number = this.select.value * 1 setTimeout(() => { this.props.store.dispatch({type: INCREMENT, data: number}) }, 1000) } render() { // const {count} = this.state // 得到原本的count状态 const count = this.props.store.getState() return ( <div> <p>click {count} times</p> <div> <select ref={select => this.select = select}> <option value="1">1</option> <option value="2">2</option> <option value="3">3</option> </select> <button onClick={this.increment}>+</button> <button onClick={this.decrement}>-</button> <button onClick={this.incrementIfOdd}>increment if odd</button> <button onClick={this.incrementAsync}>increment async</button> </div> </div> ); } } export default App;5. 效果图
