英语二学习笔记：
thought 想法，though 虽然，through 通过
# 第一到三集 —————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————
1） evaluate
2）integrate
integrate
with
integrate into
3） authority
local authority
work
of authorities
4） consistent
consistent quality
consistent policy
consistent principle
A be consistent
with B
5） identify
identity
identification
6） considerably
consider
considerate
considerable
7） apply to
# This should apply to any project
8） apply
for
9） make a staement
# The government has made a statement denying these rumors
10） take sth into account
take into account sth
# 第四集—————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————
11） be consistent
with
12） stated
13）
in order to
14） once
15） identify
16） whatever
17） evaluate
18） be certain
19） be relevant to
20） take sth into account
21） being
22） that 从句
（
1）由连词 that 引导的主语从句，引导词 that 无含义，在句中不做成分
# That you will win the medal seems unlikely
（
2）用连词 whether 引导的主语从句：whatever 有含义（是否），不可以省
# Whether she is coming or not doesn't matter too much
（
3）用连接代词引导的主语从句（在由连接代词 who
,whose
,whom
,which
,what
,whoever
,whomever
,whichever
,whatever）其连接代词在句中充当一定的成分
# What you need is more
practice
(4) 用连接副词 when
,where
,why
,how 引导的名词性从句（其连接副词有含义，在句中作状语）
# When they will come hasn't been made pubic
23）
with a grain
of salt
24） be informed
of
25） inform sb
of sht
26） confidence
27） mastery
# Mastery over
/of
28） destiny
# It is desting that brings people together
, or is it accident
?
29） dramatically
30） be qualified
for
# 第五集 —————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————
31） subconscious
32） to please
33） command
# It's very important to command a certain number
of vocabularies
34） knowingly
35） hava
/make impact on
36） matter
#
in the matter
of sth
# Dose it matter 关系重大吗
37） confident
38） sense
sense
of humor
/direction
39） eliminate
40） disempower
41） allow
42） self
-esteem
43） infinite 无穷的，无限的
44） stifle
45） creativity
46） insignificant
47） commonly
48） alternative
49） fabulous
50） 动名词作主语：
# Seeing is believing
# 第六集 —————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————
51） it 形式主语
（
1） It
+ be
+ 形容词
+ for sb
+ 动词不定式
# It's necessary
for the young to master two foreign languages
（
2） It
+ be
+ 形容词
+ of sb
+ 动词不定式
= 这类形容词表示心理品质，性格特征 eg
: kind
,nice
,clever
# It's very kind
of you to help me
with the work
== you are kind
of help me
（
3） It
+ be
+ 名词词组
+ 动词不定式
# It is not a good habit to stay up too late
（
4） It
+ be
+ 名词或形容词
+ 动名词 eg
: good
,no good
,no use
,a waste
of（浪费）
,useless（无用的）
# It's a waste
of time talking to her any more
（
5） It
+ take (sb
) + 时间（金钱）
+ 动词不定式
# It took the workers almost three years to finish building the dam
（
6） It
+ be
+ 形容词
+ 主语从句
# It is uncertain whether he can come to Jenny's birthday part or not
（
7） It
+ be
+ 动名词组
+ 主语从句 eg
: a fact
, a pity
, a shame
, an honour
,a question
# It's a pity that you missed the exciting football match
（
8） It
+ be
+ 过去分词
+ 主语从句 eg
: announced
, believed
,expected
, hoped
, decided
, reported
, said
, shown
# It's not decided who will give the operation to the patient
52） hava effect on
53） carry out
54） be up to
# Then
, how we make money is up to us
55） put whole heart into
# Put your heart and soul into the family
,and your whole life into your career
56） a shese
of determination
57） eliminate
... from
# It is time to eliminte fear and to clear out hidden fears
from your subconscious
58） instead
of
# why don't you play football install
of just looking on
?
59） be
in control
of
# It is very important to control what you think
if you wish to be
in control
of you life
# 第七集 —————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————
60） respond to
...
#
I offered him a drink but he didn't respond to my offer
61） take off
62） It occurred to me that
...
# It never occurred to me that
I had seen her before somewhere
63）
get [take
] a grip on
# The child would not
let go his grip on Tom
64） be content
with
#
I am very contecnt
with my me at present
65） veritable
66） make discovery
of
# 第八集 —————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————
67） heard
of
# He could not bear to see anyone sorrowing or ever to hear
of it
68） It's no use doing
# It's no use arguing
with him
69）
in this manner
# She smiled again
in a friendly manner
70） make bearkthrough
# Only surpassing yourselvess can you make breakthough
in your enterprises
71） much more
... than
# Real world business process are typically much more complex than
this
72）
set ... apart
from
# In very way possible
I was
set apart
from my classmates
73） lose grip
# one
of the students lost his grip on his classmates and all them were
in danger
74） yall at
# It is not considered polite to yell at people to
get their attention
75） give sb a lecture
76） 强调句
（
1）陈叙句的强调句型：It is
/was
+ 被强调的部分（主，宾，状）
+ that
/who（当强调主语，指人）
+ 其他部分
# It was yesterday that he met Li Ping
（
2）强调句例句：针对
I met Li Ping at railway station yesterday
> 强调主语：It was （
I）
that (who
) me Li Ming at railway station yesterday
> 强调宾语：It was（Li Ping） that
I mat at railway station yesterday
> 强调地点状语：It was（at railway station） that
I mat Li Ping yesterday
> 强调时间状语：It was（yesterday） that
I mat Li Ping at railway station
> 强调原因和方式：
1. It is （through the pain
of confronting and resolving problems） that we learn
2. It is （
in this whole process
of meeting and solving problems） that life has its meaning
3. It is （
for this reason）that wise people learn xxx
it was me that He scared
77) even
if
# Even
if she does something you
do not like
, you will still love her
78）the way
+ 句子
# Sometimes we taech our children the way our parents educate us
# 第九集 —————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————
79）
get in touch
with sb
80） explode
81） off
-balance
82） significance
83） frustration
84） sacrifice
sacrifice
A for B
make self
-sacrifice
85） responsibility
86） silently
# 第十集 —————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————
87） form scratch
/ start form the scratch
# If we have to start
from the scratch then it all takes time
88） run out
of
89） It was first time
in
eg1
: It
/This
/That the first time they each other
eg2
: It
/This
/That the third time he an Englisg film
eg2
: It
/This
/That the last time he such a strange thing
90） by the time
91） be anxious
for
# She is anxious to enter
for the competition
92） position
... in
# you'd better position the books where you can find it
93） cleaning up after yourself
# How many times have
I taked to you about cleaning up after yourself
94） slip
in
# You can slip
in after
this piece
of music is played
95） would have none
of it
# Mary asked him to help us during his free time
,but he would have none
of it
86） made it all the way to
# With a head start
in business
, you can make it all the way to the top
97） stay up
#
I am going to stay up late to finish my paper
98） 现在分词作状语
（
1） doing sth
# 从句里面的主语和主句的主语是共用的，我们可以把从句里面的主语省略掉，然后再考虑主句里面的动词和从句里面的动词是主动还是被动，主动
+ ing，被动
+ ed
+ ing 省略了
I,缺少主语所以是时间状语
#
(I) Seeing my parents waving
in the crowd
, I want running to them
+ ed
# Crossing the read
,the old man was knocked over by a car
（
2） doing sth
# Being a teacher
, you should help your student
in every way
（
3） doing sth
# There is mud and water everywhere
,making it difficult to travel
from place to place
（
4） doing sth
# Listening to English everery day
, you'll learn it well step by step
（
5） doing sth
# Living miles away
, he attended the course
99）suffer
from
# She is sufferign
from unspeakable pain
100）inablity to
# Her inablity to pay the rents caused trouble
101） account
for
# Can you accout
for your inabilty to pay the debt
102） be blind to
# He is blind to her bad behavior
# 第十一集 —————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————
103） thought
104） pay a deposit
of
105） current account
106） deposit account
107） well
- being
108） exploit
109） assure sb
of sth
110） stands
for
111）generation gap
# 第十二集 —————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————
112）consist
of
# All electronic computers consisit
of five units although they are
of different kinds
113）stick by
# In spite
of any condition
, he will stick by his principles
114）lead to 导致
# Too much work and too little rest often lead to illness
115）summary fine
116）share
with
#
I will also share them
with my staff at Shen Zhen
117）engage
in
# They engage
in the study
of music
118）gossip about
# Dont
't gossip about a person's right and wrong behind his back
119）more than likely
# You'll find you father
in the pub
, more than likely
120）fast
-talking
# Salesmen often use fast talking to manipulate the buyer
121）be challenged by
# The tyrant's domination was challenged by the rebels
122）well
-being
123）be akin to
# What she feels
for him is akin to worship
124）making a deposit
# You will have to stand
in line to make a deposit
126）more often than not
# Nancy comes to work early more offten than not
127）In essence
# Affiance is a contract
in essence
128）exploit
... to
# You should exploit
this opportunity to go abroad
129）the traits
of
# What are the traits
of successful leaders
130）be warned
of
# The passengers were warned
of the passible delay
131）Turn upside down
# He turned the glass upside down
# 第十三集 —————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————
132）prosperity
133）groud
security groud
lifeguard
bodygroud
134）pursue
pursuit
in hot pursuit
of sb
/sth
# 第十四集 —————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————
135）Turn against
# No one would turn against his own country
136）Trust
with
#
I'd trust him
with my life 我把命交给他放心
137）ill
-considered
138）are prone to
# Weak people are prone to
catch cold
139）fall on their knees
140）
do sb honor
# You
do us a great honour by attending
141）stand
of
# How can you stand by and
let him treat his dog like that
?
142）
in prosperity and
in poverty
# we apprecitate fellowship
in prosperity and adversity
143）
if only
（
1）一般过去式，
if only 之后，就表示一种与现在事实相反的愿望
# If only my frined was here
with me
（
2）过去完成，
if only 之后，可表示与过去事实相反的愿望
# If only
I hadn't gone there last night
（
3）would
/could
+ v 与将来事实相反的状况
# If only
I could see once
142）encounter
with
# His encounter
with the guard dog had completely unnerved him
143）
as if
（
1）以
as if （
as though）引导的方式状语从句或表语从句，有时用虚拟语气，若表示与现在事实想反，谓语动词用过去式
# She works hard
as if she nver know fatigue
（
2）若表示与过去事实相反，用过去完成时
# he talks
as if he had been abroad
144）fall to pieces
145）accompany sb to
do
# Who will accompany me to inspect the engine
-room
# 第十五集 —————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————
146）committed
commit an error
commit a crime
commit suicide
147）depression n
depress v
depressed adj
148）illegal
# il，im 是
in的变体，否对前缀，比如
irregular（不整齐）
,irresponsible（不负责任）
, imbalanced（不平滑），impossible（不可能）
149）immigrant
immigration
150）quit
give up
# 第十六集 —————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————
151）live on
# The proportion
of Americans living on welfare rose
make a living
eke out a living
152）bing
in
#
I have three part
-time jobs
,which bring
in about
2400 a year
153）having to
154）complain to sb about sth
# She
felt (感觉
) she could not complain to her father directly
155）sink on
# Wood（木头） does not sink
in water
# It took many years
for the teacher's words to sink
in
156）a privilege
for
# It's a tremendous honor and a privilege
for me to be here
with all
of you
157）look forward to
#
I look forward to signing the contract when we meet next week
158）start out
#
I got through it knowing that at least my morning would start out right
159）an obligation to
# It's one that all
of us have an obligation to meet
160）a way
of life
# Calculated risk taking is way
of life
for bold people
161）stay
/ be committed to
# He has been committed to working
for the people heart and soul
for more than twenty years
162）put
...out
of work
# Sandy had been put out
of work
for months scince the wreck because
of his wounded wrist
.
163）
as 意为 “虽然”，用于倒装，句式如下：
# Though he is very young
, he is very learned
== Young
as he is
, he is very learned（学问）
164）social unrest
165）human trafficking
166）contribute to
# You will
get involved
, be part
of that school
. Do something to conreibute to your school
as weel
as to help yourself
167）quit doing
# Quit doing what you
've been doing, it's time to change
, it's time to grow up！
168）be propared
for
# We need to be propared
for different possibilities
169）
get to
do
# Each day focus on what you
get to
do, not what you have to go
# 第十七集 —————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————
170）prioritize
prior
priority
171）strategy
marketing strategy
grand strategy
logistics strategy
172）competitor
compete
with/against sb
for sth
competitive
competitor
competition
173）find
found
174）
in charge
of
175）down payment
176）trash can
garbage can
trash bin
177）
break down
178）it may also be necessary
179）made believe
# 第十八集 —————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————
180）liv
in
#
I have done everything that lies
in my power
181）bargain
for
# You'll
get more than you bargain
for
182）feel privileged to
# It's a great privilege to be working here and we feel we part
of a team that is dedicated to the same goal
183）
in that
#
I'm in a slightly awkward position in that he's not arriving until the
10th
184）bing
... to the table
# The
new manager has a lot
of international experience to bing to the table
185）keep sth
in plain sight
# How could you not notice that girl
? She was
in plain sight all night
186）stay focused on
# Instead
of giving up
, I stay foucused on my goal
187）at
|in|to the front end
188）down payment
189）
get it up
190）alleviate the burden
191）financial
192）examine
193）seek out
#
I will seek them out
194）aspire to
# We should aspire to
do something benefit to society
195）etc
196）owning
197）have
...in place
# She likes to have everything
in place
198）apply
for
# She applied to the manageer
for a job
as clerk
# 第十九集 —————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————
199）noisily adv
noise n
noisy adj
200）belief n
believe v
believable adj
disbelief n
201）guilt
guilty
be guilty
of
be
/ fell guilty about
202）despair
in despair
203）made
# And looking uncomfortable made me look terrible
# 第二十集 —————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————
204）同位语从句：
同位语从句和定语从句区别：
# 定语从句由关系代词或关系副词引导，关系词在从句中担当相应的句子成分，作宾语时经常被省略。同位语从句主要有连词that引导，在从句中不担当成分
eg
: news
,idea
, fact
, promise
, question
, doubt
, thought
, hope
, message
, suggestion
, words(消息
)，possiblility
,等抽象名词都可用
#
I’ve come
from Mr
.Wang
with a message that he won't be able to see you
this afternoon
.
英语中引导同位语从句的词通常有连词
eg
:that
, whether
, 连接代词 what
, who 连接副词 how
, when
, where 等（注：
if, which 不能引导同位语从句）
# He must answer the question whether he agrees to it ot not
eg
: 隔开的情况come to动词隔开
# The thought come to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city
205）more or less
# So far
, they are all more or less on track
# Everyone
of us
, more or less
, is benefited
from watching
TV
206）the enormity
of
# You did it since you understand the enormit
of the task those lies ahead
207）
do my share
#
I do my share
of the housework
208）a series
of
# The challenger delivered a series
of punches to the champion
209） moan about
210）
with
# without discipline we can solve nothing
, with only some descipline we can only some problems
.
# 第二十一集 —————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————
211）主句从句与形式主语it
（
1）对于以连词 that 引导的主语从句，通常用形式主语代主语从句
# It
's a pity that he didn't come
（
2）对于以连接代词（副词）引导的主语从句，可以使用形式主语代主语从句，也可以直接在句首使用主语从句
Whether 句首
# （Whether they would support us） was a problem
句尾
# It was a problem （whether they would support us）
（
3）对关系代词 what 引导的主语从句，通常直接将主语从句放在句首
# What we need is money
# What
I want to know is
this
（
4）逗号的形式主语
# It is difficut
, to say the least
, to offer words
of hope when all they feel is hopelessness
213）cutting edge
# 第二十二集 —————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————
214）imagine
imageintive adj
imaginary adj
unimaginable
imageination
215）desert
216）
catch
217）confrontation
218）It seem that
# It seems that
in our busy lives nowadays many
of us have forgotten how to appreciate others
219）turn to sb
for sth
turn to sb
for comfort
turn to sb
for help
/ advice
# She didn't know whom to turn to
for advice
220）On one's feet
back on one's feet
221）struggle
with
struggle away
with
struggle against
with
# Even to
this day
, I sometimes struggle
with fear and perfection
222）keep your chin up
# But don't be said
... try to keep your chin up
#
I know
this must be hard
for you but
try to keep your chin up
223）walk out on
# never did he walk out on the contract
224）bring about
225）be through
with
# When will you be through
with your work
# Mary and Tom are through
be through
with sb
be through
with drinking
/smoking
226）fight back
# She fought back the tears
# 第二十三集 —————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————
227）fare
# Let me go shares
with you
in the taxi fare
228）lump sum
# He paid
for his car
in one lump sum
229）overspend
overeat
overdo
oversleep
overweight
230）outeat
outdo
outlive
outshine
231）opt
opt
for
option
optional
242）differentiate v
differ v
different adj
difference adj
243）resist v
resistant adj
resistance n
244）scheme
245）present
# 第二十四集 —————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————
246）
in different way
# Our tenet is to create dissmilar style
in different way
247）on a daily basis
# On a daily basis
, reporters can
get information
from the president's surrogates
, most often
from has press secretary
248）the way（
in which
/that）sth is done
249）be termed
as
# Given that many live
in conditions which Britain would be termed
as poverty
,it's impossible not to be touched
250）be trusted
with
# Fred is a loud mouth who cannot be trusted
with sectets
251）places responsibilities
of + n
/ on sb
252）bubgeting on
# Do you have some good tips on budgeting time
253）overindulging
in
# Overindulging
in alochol will
do damage to your liver
as well
as your brain
254）results
in
# He expects results
in a year or so
255）be meant to
# The first daays
of school are meant to orientate freshment to compus life
256）differentiate between needs and wants
257）inculcate sth
in|into sb，inculcate sb
with sth
258）stand then
in good stead
# Those experiences will stand them
in good stead
260）pocket money
261）比较
（
1）否定词和比较级连用相当于最高级
# There is no better way to teach childern to manage money than to start
with their pocket money
本句等同于 To start
with their pocket money is the best way to teach children manage money
# His words couldn't be more encouraging
== His words were the most encouraging
# 第二十五集 —————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————
262）greedy adj
greed n
263）finnacially
finance
finnacial
264）available adj
# 修饰的时候要放在名词后使用 Do you have room available
be available to sb
availability
265）abundant
be abundant
in sth
abundance
266）originally adv
origin n
original adj
267）stimulate
stimulant
stimulating
268）enconomy
econemical
econemics
economist
economize v
economically adv
269）balance
balanced
imbalanced
270）expect to
271）attract into
# Everything that's coming into your life
, you are attract into your life
272）go around
# Let's go around the town
, not through it
.
273）quality time
# Spend more quality time
with her children
274）the root
of
# idlenesss is the root
of all evil
275）deep down
# deep down
, she was still a rebel
276）have nothing
| something
| a little
/ much to
do sth
277）now that
# Now that
I am free
, I can enjoy music
for a
while
278）whereby
# He devised a plan whereby he might excape
279）on the other hand
# One one hand
, I hava no time
,on the other hand
,I have on money
280）come back to
# It's come back to me now
: it be
12:30 when the door bell ring
281）go
with the flow
# Like the water
in a river
, Pisces people can go
with the flow
# 第二十七集 —————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————
282）procisely adv
procise adj
precision n
283）small talk
# We should not talk away our valuable time
284）take away
286）hesitation n
hesitate v
hesitant adj
hesitancy n
287）wonder why
288）despite
# Despite all our efforts we still lose the game
289）address
# Could you help me address these envelopes
290）attach v
#
I attach a copy
of my notes
for your information
attach
...to
..
atttached
attachment
# 第二十八集 —————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————
291）
get dressed
# He showered quicly before he got dressed
292）leave
for
# Do not you think we'd leave
for the concert now
293）bombard sb
with questions
# The lecturer was bombarded
with questions
294）the last thing
...
# He is the last preson
I want to work
with
# Lying is the last thing he'll
do
295）
for some reason
#
I always have a felling that
for some reason she bears a grudge against me
296）lose
in his thoughts
# Michael seemed lost
in his own thoughts
, so
I never pried
297）look down towards
# Her parents told her not to look down upon countrymen
298）prompting to
# She prompting me to call my relatives
299）start a conversation
with
# He is an introvert
,he never tires to start a conversation
with anyone
300）there was no way
# There was no way to
break it gently
301）find 在里面接现在分词短语作宾补，还可以接过去分词（
I found myself wondering what
this man thinking about）
# When he come to
, he found himself lying
in hospital
302）that he must have been really upset
303）现代分词作定语
/despite 让步状语：
# He had red eyes and still had some
tears (rolling down the side
of has face
) (despite his feeble attempt to
)
304）
break down
# The machine must
break dowm at
this busy hour
305）come up
with
# The progrmmer come up
with a solution to the system problem
306）come down
with
# The manager
, who has come down
with a bad cold
307）
with 的用法（动词在前表示原因）
# heavy
with pain
# be wet
with sweat
# shake
with laughter
308）take one's life
# He knew that almost everybody hated him
, and so he was alway
in dread lost someone should take his life
309）
in desperation
# The ruffian laid about
in desperation
310）现在分词作状语，表示原因，在这里注意的是非谓语动词的否定形式，要在前面加not
,not having done sth
,而不是having not done sth
# Not having finished his homework
in time
, he was criticized the teacher
311）pleasing adj
# ed 指人，ing 指物
312）tell one's fortune
fortunate adj
misfortunate n
unfortunate adj
unfortunately adv
# 第二十九集 —————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————
313）boredom
bore
bored adj
boring adj
314）tension n
tense adj
315）scowl
scowl
face scowl
frown scowl
# 第三十集 —————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————
316）inherit money
# You will inherit money and jewelry
317）be eager to
#
I was eager to shift the weight
from my back
318）hava (a certain look
) on one's face 流露（某种神态）
# He had a broad grin on his face
319）whatsoever（也作whatever）adv
# There can be no doubt whatever about it
320）actions speak louder than words
. and
...
321）make such a hit
324）tell
of
# He bagan to tell
of the fighters heroic exploits
325）have their pets inoculated
hava sth done
he will have one's hair cut
326）he will have one's hair cut
327）struck up a conversation
with
#
I struck up a conversation
with this old woman
in the shop
328）be characteristic
of
# The main characteristic
of the strike has been its longevity
329）were converted into
# Water is converted into steam
if it is boiled
330）
in the ways
of the world
# He was learned
in the ways
of the world
# 第三十一集 —————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————
331）explanation n
explain n
explanatory adj
332）imperfect adj
perfect
prefection
333）disability n
able adj
ability n
unable adj
334）inspire
inspiration
inspring
335）effective
efficient
ineffective
inefficient
336）altitude
altitude sickness
337）persistence
persist
persisitent
338）perseverance
persever
perseverant
339）define
definition
definite
340）incredible
unbelievable
# 第三十二集 —————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————
341）imagine doing
#
I con't imagine doing that
with them
342）wrapped around
#
A scarf was wrapped around the his neck
343）分词的用法（speaking
,judging
from ）
# Strictly speaking
, noboady is allowed
in here
# Judging
from his accent
, he must be
from the South
342）only to find
...
# They rushed to the cinema
, only to find the tickets left at home
343）否定词放在句首句子倒装
,
# rarely
,seldom
,in no
case, by no means
,little
, hardly 等
344）all walks
of life
# They launched a fund drive on all walks
of life
345）on his own
# He did it on his own account
, not
for anyone
else
355）adapt to
#
I hope you can adapt to the
new environment(环境
) quickly
366）be elected
# Jones will be elected because many powerful men are back
of him
367）major
in
# Mr
.Lee said he would major
in history and he mean business
368）encounter
in
# What are you problem you have encounter
in your job
?
369）there is something to
/in sth
370）live a full life
371）cease to
do sth
372）see
...as... , look on
/ upon
... as , view
... as , regard
... as
373）reach out to
#
A cadre must reach out to and be one
with the masses
375）at our disposal
376）hava a profound effect on sth
377）embrace failure
as a learning experience
# We must embrace pain
as fuel
for our journey
378）rather than
, instead
of
# He is an explorer rather than a sailor
379）poke dun at
# In America
, he says
, it
's funny to poke fun at yourself. But in China there's no humor
in misfortune
380）show off
# Those boys always show off their sports skills to the girls
# using those
new definitions
# challenge sb to
do sth
# begin the path to fulfilling their biggest dreams
381）alike adv
. in the same way
# 第三十三集 —————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————
382）taken place
383）unfortunately
fortune
misfortune
fortunate
unfortunnate
384）production
produce
producer
productive
product
385）competition
compete
competitor
competitive
386）successive
succeed
succeed
in （doing）sth
successor
successful
387）insanely
388）cofound
co
-existence
a co
-ed school
cooperate
cohabitataion
389）convince sb
of sth
/ that
...
390）lay a solid foundation
for sth
391）profitability
profit
profitable
392）introduce
introduction
introductive
/ introductory
393）innovation
innovate
innovative
# 第三十四集 —————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————
394）dare to
# No one dare to offend the fiery person
395）take risk
# Which team is more willing to take risks
397）insist that sb should
do
#
I insist that he should stay where he is
398）在一些意为“要求，建议，命令”等含义的动词后的宾语从句中，谓语动词使用虚拟语气，形式为 should（可省略）
+ 动词原形。
常见的此类动词有：advice，ask
, agree
,allow
, command
, decide
, demand
, ensure
, insist
, maintain
, move
, order
, prefer
, propose
, require
,
request
, suggest
, urge 等。
399）under the condition that
# They agreed under the condition that the matter be dealt
with promptly
340）drop out
# He drop out beacuse
of the pressure
341）
in memory
of
# We named the lake Rebecca
in memory
of her
342）dwell on
# Don
't always dwell on the past, look forward. He's dwelling on his story once again
343）非谓语动词的否定形式： not
+ 费谓语动词
# Not wanting to dwell on sucessive failures
, they worked on a
new machine called the Macintosh
342）“the
+ 比较级，the
+ 比较级 意为 越
...就越
...”
# The farther a planet is
from the earth
, the smaller it looks
/appears
/seems
343）turn out
# It turned out the man standing beside me was a pickpocket
344）free
from
# The firce lion burst free
from the chains
345）convince sb
# We were able to convince the students
of the need
for wider reading
346）appointed
as apple's adviser
# Seen form here
, the valley is very beautful
347）under one's leadership
under one's supervision
/ guidance
/ influence
# 第三十五集 —————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————
348）symbolize
symbol
349）incredibly
credible
believable
350）arise
# arise
from sth
# 第三十六集 —————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————
351）develop into
# The small port has developed into a big city
352）what
...is like
# Day
in, day out
, no matter what the weather is walks ten miles
353）relate to
354）end up
in
end up
in the same the place
end up
in prision
/ in debts
end up
as a beggar
/ prisoner
355）keep up
with
# If you don
't keep up with the times, you'll
get left behind
356）fit
in
instead
of
rather than
357）wear out
# She dropped into a chair
,uttely worn out
358）make it over
# Their next challenges were to find horses and make it over the Rocky Mountains
359）find (it
) in yourself that you can
do it
360）
get lost
in
#
I m afraid
I haven't got a very good sense
of directions
, so
I easily
get lost
361）Once you finish
, you look back on it and you realize that you made it not by leaping
, but step by step
, yard by year
, life is very hard
.
But inch by inch
, life can be a cinch
.
362）step by step
# His health is improving step bt step
363）inch by inch
# They climbed the steep mountain inch by inch
364）find oneself falling and falling 现在分词作宾补
# When he come to
, he found himself lying
in hospital
365）be through
367）at a time
, separately
# take the pills two at a tiem
368）at one time
| formerly
# At one time
I used to go skiing every winter
# 第三十七集 —————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————
369）undo
unfold
370）conductor
conduct
371）purity
pure
purity
purify
372）applause
applaud
373）boastfully
boast
boast
of / about (doing
) sth
boaster
# 第三十八集 —————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————
374）come on stage to
# He come on stage amid clapping and cheering
375）be stricken
with
# In one village almost the entire population was stricken
with a plague
376）
with the aid
of
# The aged peasant is advancing slowly
with aid
of a cane
377）go off
# The bomb went off
in a crowed street
378）There was no mistaking
# Gently
as her word were spoken
, there was no mistaking that she was displeased
379）such
... as ...
# Such a disaster
as her car being stolen had never happened before
380）left 分词作定语
# He has got only
10 dollars left
for the month
. There is five minuters left
for this class
381）So
,perhaps our task
in this shaky
,fast
-changing
,bewildering world
in which we live is to make music
, at first
with all that we have
.
and then
,when that is no longner possible
, to make music
with what we have left
.
# 第三十九集—————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————
382）necessity
necessary
necessarily
383）majority
major
minor
minority
384）dependence
depend
dependent
independent (of)
Independence Day
dependently
385）economic
economical
economy
economics
econmist
386）electricity
electrical
electrician
387）stable
stability
unstable
instability
388）limited
limitation
unlimited
| limitelesss
# 第四十集 —————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————
389）there can be no doubt that
390）access to
391）is definded
as
# Saving is defined
as postponed consumption
392）is available
for
# The offer is availiable
for a limited period only
393）to a certain excent
# To a certain excent
, I am
in favor
of your froject
394）to and
from
# It is a long bus ride to and
from the school
395）save up
# It took me a year to save up
for a
new car
396）become a main concern
in
397）
switch from
# He made a
switch from pubilishing to teaching
398）making a great step forward
# We have made a great step forward
in our negotiations
399）
do damage to
# Water pollution did damage to the crops
400）wean out
of
# It will wean us out
of energy dependence
401）accounts
for
# He'll have to account
for where every cent goes
402）reliant upon
403）be attributed to
# Tom's illness was attributed to the cold weather
404）motivate us to
# Finally
,exams motivate us to study hard
405）are provided
with
# Immigrants are provided
with sites
in which to build their own houses
# 第四十一集 —————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————
406）advantage
disadvantage
407）intentionally
intend
intention
intentional
unintentional
well
/ ill
-intentioned
408）respectfully
respect
409）respectable
respective
respectful
410）maintenance
maintain
411）sustain
sustainable
sustainability
unsustainabel
# 第四十二集 —————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————
412）i
.e
.
# The amount
of RAM simply decides how much paging and swapping you will
do, i
. e
. how fast memory access will be
413）end up
# What did you end up choosing
from the dessert menu
414）is different
from
# my opinion is different
from yours
415）by and large
# by and large
, your plan is a good one
416）conduct our best selves
417）giving up
418）be
in place
#
I like everything to be
in place
419）save on
# If we all on
in one car
,we'll save on petrol
420）contributes to
# The aroma
of tea contributes to its appeal
421）
in transit
# These goods were crushed
in transit
422）keep tabs on
# It
's not always possible to keep tabs on everyone's movements
423）
in transit
424）be assured that
425）
I only have myself to worry about
426）which 引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰that
# 第四十三集 —————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————
427）chat line
428）veriety
vary
vary
from...to
...
429）romance
romantic
430）intimacy
intimate
431）literary
literature
literl
literate
literary
432）inclination
incline
inclined
433）veil
unveil
434）familiarity
familiar
435）intensity
intense
436）determine
determined
determination
437）addict
addicted
addictive
438）multiple
# 第四十四集 —————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————
439）thanks to
# Thanks to
I had tied then the safety belt
440）
with the help
of
# With the help
of he is lame
in one leg and walks
with the help
of a crutch
441）perceive
...as
# What
do you perceive
as the Seven Wonders
of the world
442）be enhanced
with
# Columbian emeralds are usually enhanced
with fillers
443）vary
from
# The students vary
from one another
in character
444）plays such a larger part
445）
in essence
# These two matters are diffferent
in essence
446）deprive
...of...
derive
...from
447）is superior to
# This car is superior to that one
448）
in touch
with
#
I m trying to
get in touch
with my brother
# 第四十五集 —————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————
449）innovative
innovate
innovation
450）evolve
evolution
451）perception
perceive
452）traditionally
tradition
traditional
453）availability
avail
available
454）access
accessible
455）simplify
simple
simplicity
456）option
optional
457）impatient
patient
patience
impatience
458）interaction
interact
interactive
459）consume
consumptive
consumer
consumer goods time
460）realistically
real
reality
realistic
461）reliant
rely
reliance
# 第四十六集 —————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————
462）
as natural
as
# Dying is
as natural
as living
463）take it
for granted
#
I take it
for granted that you two knew each
464）become accustomed to
# He quickly became accustomed to the local food
465）take up
# The wardrobe takes uo too much space
/room
466）rely on
# They have to rely on the river
for their water
467）takes
for granted
# Don't take
for granted others help
468）wrapped up
# The book was wrapped up
in brown paper
469）brings to light
# She should not give publicity to me letter
470）resemble
resemblance
# 第四十七集 —————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————
471）grateful
be grateful to sb
for sth
ungeateful
472）emotionally
emotion
emotional
473）permission
permit
# 第四十八集 —————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————
474）pill up
be pilled up
with
475）coming down
with
# He had come down
with flu
476）provide sb
with sth
/ provide sth
for sb
# Provide them
with additional background or
with supplementary information
477）slip away
# Aha
, you can't slip away
this time
478）tend to
# We tend to meet up
for lunch onec a week
# 第四十九集 —————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————
479）embarrassed
embarrass
embarrassed
embarrassing
embarrassment
480）mature
maturity
immature
481）influence
influential
482）criticize
critic
critical
criticism
483）ignorance
ignore
ignorant
484）optimistic
optimist
optimism
485）capable
incapable
capability
486）combination
combine
combined
487）nutritious
nutrition
malnytrition
# 第五十集 —————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————
488）
in control
of
489）be linked to
490）develop into
491）struggle
with
combined
with
compare
with
# First
, his feet are painful
, however compare
with a hunger to say that nothing
492）self
-esteem
493）meet your goals
494）be happy
with
# 第五十一集 —————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————
495）非谓语动词
一
.不定式（to
do）
, 具有时态，语态变化
（
1）用作主语： 有动词含义，但不是谓语，再句子中充当主语成分
# To speak good Englist is not easy
# It is easy to speak good English （采用形式主语it避免头重脚轻）
（
2）用作宾语
# She decided to take the examination
（
3）宾语补足语（再次解释宾语）
# They expected us to help them
（
4）不定式作宾补，如果谓语动词是感官动词，使役动词（see
, notice
, watch
, make
, have
,let..）
,则to可以省略，而被动语态不能省
使役动词是表示使、令、让、帮、叫等意义的不完全及物动词
,主要有leave（离开）
.get（得到）
.make(使
,令
),let(让
),have(有；让；从事；允许；拿
)等。
#
I heard them sing
in the classroom （可以省to）
#
I made her clean the room （可以省to）
# The girl is heard to sing an English song （被动语态，不能省）
（
5）用作表语（表语就是放在Be动词后面的）
# To teach is to learn
（
6）用作状语，表示目的，结果
# We come to school to study Englsih （目的）
#
I hurried to the store
, only to find it closed
（
7）用作定语，不定式作定语，放在名词后 （定语是用来修饰前面的名词）
# He asked
for a piece
of paper to write it on
# The poor man has no house to live
in
二
.动名词 （在动词后面
+ing）
（
1）主语
# Saving is easier than doing
# His coming here will be a great help
# It is no use waiting here
, he has left
（
2）表语
# His job is keeping the hall clean
as possible
（
3）宾语
a
.动词宾语
# He admitted taking the book
以下动词需跟动名词作宾语
admit
, appreciate
, aviod
, complete
, delay
, deny
, enjoy
, fancy
, finish
, mind
, practice
, resent
, rish
, suggest
, allow
, permit
b
.作介词宾语，（介词作宾语，必须
+ing）
# He left without saying goodbye to us （without 是介词所以
+ing）
#
I'm looking forward to meeting you （to 在这里收介词，所以 meet
+ ing）
（
4）定语
reading room
, swimming pool
, walking stick
（
5）动名词的复合结构：由名词的所有格或物主代词与动名词构成
# His leaving is a great loss
# Mother dislikes my working late
注意：动名词复合结构多作主语或宾语，作主语是必须是所有格，但是作宾语可以用所有格，也可以作普通格
（
6）
.动名词与不定式在用法上的几点比较：
1）相同，在begin
, start
, continue 等词后用动名词或不定式
# He begin writing
/ to write
in 1980
2）区别
# He stopped talking 停止讲话 # He stopped to talk 停下来开始讲话
#
I rememeber posting the latter 我记得寄出了这封信 # Please remember to post the letter
#
I forgot telling him the news 我忘了我曾告诉你这个消息 #
I forgot to lock the door yesterday
三
. 分词
（
1）分词的性质：
具有形容词的性质，可以在句中充当，表语，定语，宾补，状语
主动，可以表示进行，
+ing
,被动
+ ed ，或者表示完成
ing 指人， ed 指物
如何确认是不是分词，在句子中看他充不充当句子成分，如果不充当就是动名词，如果是判段这个分词在句子中，主动还是被动，指人还是指，完成还是未完成
（
2）分词的用法：
# a sleeping bady
# boiled water
# fallen leaves
#
new arrived goods
# the changed world
（
3）表语
# The book is interesting （书是物，所以用ing）
# He is interested
in the book （指的是人，所以
+ed）
（
4）宾语补足语
# When
I woke up
, I found my mother sitting beside me （主动）
#
I'd like to have
this package weighed （包裹被称重）
（
5）状语，当句子中主语一致，不用管时态，可以使用分词作状语结构
eg
: if you turn to the left
, you'll find the station
# Turning to the left
, you'll find the station
eg
: While
I was walking to school yesterday mornning
, I mat a friend
# walking to school yesterday mornning
, I mat a friend
如果主语不一致，需要把主语写上
eg
: when school was over
, the boys went home
# School being over
, the boys went home
496）状语从句（一件事发生的背景）
1.时间（when
, whenever每当
, while, as, before
, after
, till直到…为止
, until
, until not直到
...才，since
,
as...soon
...as 一…就…
, hardly
...when 刚一…就…
, no sooner
...than一…就…）
2.地点（where wherever无论哪里
,无论在哪里
,论什么地方）
3.原因（because
, since因为
, as, now that由于
, seeing that由于，因为）
, 注意because
of 后面是跟短语
4.目的（so that所以，
in order that为了，以便）
5.结果（so that所以
, so
...that 如此
...以至于
, such
...that如此…以致）
6.条件（
if, unless
, as/so long
as只要）
7.方式（
as, as...if..., as thought 好像）
8.让步（thougt虽然
|尽管
, although虽然
|尽管
, even
if即使…也
, even though虽然
|尽管
, no matter不管
[who谁
,what什么，
when什么时候
,where那里，which哪一个
,how怎样
...]）
9.比较（
as...as像……一样
|同……一样
, than）
10.其它
（
1）
in case 引导的状语从句，根据语境的不同，
in case 即可表示如果，万一，引导条件状语从句，也可以表一以防万一，引导目的状语从句
# Leave your key
with a neighbor
in case lock yourself out one day
（
2）before 引导的状语从句，“it
+ be
+ 一段时间
+ before
...”
# The filed reserach will take Joan and Paul months
, it will be a long time before we meet them
（
3）
while 引导的状语从句
1）注意
while表示“尽管”
,“虽然”时的用法
,此时引导的不是时间状语从句，而是让步状语从句
# While
I really don't like art
, I find his work impressive （表示转折）
2）
while 表示对比的用法，表示“而”
# The cost
of living
in Glasgow is aming the lowest
in Britain
, While the quality
of life is probably one
of the highest
（
4）when引导的状语从句
1）当
...的时候
#
I brought it to you when you were
in Mr
.Black's yesterday
2）既然
# Why
do you want a
new job when you're got such one already
3）这是（突然）
#
I had just stepped out
of the bathroom and was drying myself
with a towel when
I heard the steps
（
5）unless 引导的状语从句
# Most birds find it safe to sleep
in the trees
, but unless they have eggs or young chicks
, they don't use a nest
（
6）until 引导的状语从句
# It is difficult
for us to learn a lesson
in life until we've actually had that lesson
（
7）not
...until
...
# You can't have
this football back until you not to kick it at my cat agin
（
8）once
You will be successful
in the interview once you have confidence
497）定语从句
一
. 关系代词
（
1）先行词是物：which， that
（
2）先行词是人：who
, whom
, that
（
3）在句子中充当成分：主语， 宾语 ，并且自身满足，主语
+谓语
+宾语结果
eg
: They had a radio
. It could send out messages
.
# They had a radio which
/that could seed out messages
（
4）定语从句一般直接跟在先行词的后面
# The
man (who lives next door
) sells vegetables
错误的 The man sells
vegetables (who lives next door
) 因为定语从句修饰了蔬菜
（
5）定语从句的成分作宾语，则which 可以省，主语不能省
# The
car (which my uncle just bought
) was destoryed
in the earthquake
--- 因为它是被动，所以car是宾语，which可以说省略
（
6）关系代词在从句中作宾语时可以省略
, <<不是作主语就可以省，如果发现名词后面有人称代词就要想是不是定语从句
>>
# The young
man (whom
) you saw was our manager
--- whom可以省，作并于
# There is
something (that
) we must keep
in mine
二
. 关系副词，when
,where
,why
（
1）当先行词表示时间的名词，用 when
,也可以用 介词
+which 代替
eg
: I will never forget the day
.I went to university on that day
#
I will never forget the day when
/ on which
I went to
university (on the day
) --- 先行词day 这里when 或者 on which 表示的是时间状语
（
2）当先行词表示地点的名词，用 where
,也可以用 介词
+which 代替
eg
: This is the house
. He used to live
in the house
# This is the house where
/in which he used to live
--- 先行词house 这里where 或者
in which 表示的是地点状语
（
3）先行词是表示原因的名词，即 reason，用 why
,在定语从句中充当原因状语，这时一般可以用
for + which 来代替
eg
: I don't know the reason
. He did it
for this reason
#
I don't know the reason why
/for which he did it
--- 先行词 reason
（
4）特殊情况
I will never forget the days which
/that
/不填 we spent together
in the countryside
--- 注意这里the days 充当的是宾语不是时间状语，所以不能用when
三
.that 与 which 的区别
（
1）用that而不用which情况
1.先行词为不定代词all
, anything
, nothing
, little
, few
, much
, somthing
, someone
# All that he has done is
for us
2.先行词有最高级修饰，有序数词修饰
3.先行词 the only
, the very
, any
, the same
, the last 等次修饰
# This was the very film that
I saw
with my girlfriend
4.先行词既有人又有物时
#
I remember the people and the place that
I visited
in Hubei
5.避免重复
# Who is the person that is standing there
（
2）用 which 而不用 that 的情况
1.引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面整句的意思
# He had failed
in the moths exam
, which mad his very angry
--- 这里的which指的是逗号前面的一句话
2.介词
+ 关系代词
# This is the romm
in which my father lived last year
#
I know a place
,form which we can
get to the station
（
3）限定性定语从句与非限定性定语从句
1.限定性定语从句：从句与主语关系密切，去掉从句，主句意义不完整，不合逻辑
#
I was the only person
in our
office (who was invited
) --- 括号内不能去掉
2.非限定性定语从句：从句与主语关系补密切，去掉从句，意思任然完整，形式上用逗号隔开，不能用that引导
# Tom's father
, who is over sixty
, still works hard night
498）比较级和最高级
一
. 形容词比较级
（
1）主语
+ 谓语（系动词）
+ 形容词比较级
+ than
+ 对比成分
---- 和中文不同的是一开始就要说出结果
1.Our teacher is taller than we are
2.It is warmer today than it was yesterday
3.This picture is more beautiful than that one
4.This meeting is less important than that one
5.The sun is much bigger than the moon
程度副词： much
, far很；遥远地；久远地；到很远的距离；到很深的程度
, a little
二
.形容词最高级的用法
（
1）主语
+ 谓语（系动词）
+ the
+ 形容词最高级
+ 名词
+ 表示范围从句
[地点用
in 群体用
of]
1.She is the best student
in the
class
2.Shanghai is one
of the largest cities
in China
3.This is the biggest apple
I have ever met
4.Tom is the tallest
in their basketball
三
.副词的比较，最高级的构成
1.He is taller than
I
2.Dave runs faster than Jim
3.My mother gets up earlier than
I
4.She walks more slowy than any
of us
5.They draw better than us
四
.越来越
...
1.Our life is becoming better and better
2.The world is getting smaller and smaller
3.Out country develop faster and faster
4.The city is more and more beautiful
五
.更多的，更少的
（
1）more 更多的
+ n
; less 更少的
+ n(不可数
)；fewer
+n (可数
)
1.We spend more
, but have less
2.we buy more but enjoy less
3.we have bigger houses and smaller families
4.more knowlege
, but less judgment
六
.as...as的用法
（
1）
as...as 意为 “和
...一样”，表示同级比较
as + adj
/adv
+ as
1.This film is
as interesting
as that one
2.Your oen writes
as smoothly
as mine
3.My sister is
as tall
as me
4.Linda runs
as fast
as Grace
5.Tom reads
as care fully
as Peter
（
2）其否定式为 not
as/so
+ adj
/adv
+as
1.This dictionary is not
as/so useful
as you think
2.My bike is niot
as beautiful
as yours
3.My sister is not so tall
as me
4.Linda does not run
as fast
as Dave
若有修饰成分，如twice
, three times
, half
, a quarter
You bag is twice
as expensive
as mine
499）宾语从句
--- 在一个动词后面出现引导词，那就是宾语从句
一
.宾语从句的连接词
连接宾语从句的从属连词主要有，that
, if, whether
. --- if有很多限制，推荐使用whether
1.that 引导表示陈述句的宾语从句
--- 陈述句，主语在前，动词在后
2.if 和 whether 引导表示“是否”的一般疑问句的宾语从句
# He told
me(that he would
) go to the college the next year
---主句式一般现在时，从句可以式任意时态，当从句式过去式，从句必须式过去的某种时态
#
I don't know
if there will be a bus any more
# Nobady know whether he could pass the exam
3.连接代词
who
, whom
, whose
, what
, whoever
, whomever
, whosever
, whatever
, whichever
连接代词一般指疑问，但 what
, whatever 除了指疑问外，也可以指陈述句
# Do you know who win game
# The book will show you what the best CEOs should know
4.连接副词
when
, where
, why
, how
, whenever
, wherever
, however
# He didn't tell me when we should meet again
# Could you please tell me how you use the panel
# None
of us knows where these
new parts can be buy
500）情态动词
can (could
), may (might
), must
, have to
, shall (should
), will (would
), dare (dared
), need (needed
),ought
情态动词无人称和数的变化，不能单独使用，必须与动词原形构成谓语
--- 就是必须搭配实役动词
一
.con
, could
（
1）表示能力（体力，知识，技能）
1.Can you lift
this heavy box
2.Mary can speak three languages
3.Can you skate
***此时可有 be able to 代替，而 can 只有一般现在时和一般过去时，而 be able to 则有更多的时态
1.I'll not be able to come
this afternoon
2.当表示“经过努力才得以做成功某事”时应用 be able to ，不能用can
# He was able to go to the party yesterday evening
of the heavy rain
（
2）表示请求和允许
# can
I go now
. Yes
, you can
/ No
, you can't
此时可与may互换，在疑问句中还可用could
, might 代替不是过去式，只是语气更委婉，不能用于肯定句和答语中
# Could you come to see you tomorrow
. Yes
, you can
| No
, I’m afraid not
（
3）表示客观 可能性
# They've changed the timetable
, so we can go by bus instead
（
4）表示推测（惊讶，怀疑，不相信得态度），用于疑问句和否对句和感叹句
1.Can
this true
2.This can't be done by him
3.How can
this be
true
二
. may
, might
（
1）表示请求和允许，might 比 may 语气更委婉，而不是过去式
否对回答式可用 can
't 或 mustn't 表示 “不可以，禁止”
1.Might
/May
I somoke
in this Room
. No you mustn't
2.May
/Might
I take
this book out
of the room
. Yes
, you can
. | No，you can
't/mustn't
--- May
I 表示寻求他人意见，而Can
I 口语比较常见
（
2）用于祈使句，表示祝愿
# May you succed
（
3）表示推测，可能性，（不用于疑问句）
, might 不是过去式，它所表示得可能性比 may 小
1.He may
/might be very busy now
2.Your mother may
/might not know the truth
三
. must
, have to
（
1）表示必须，必要
# You must come
in time
在回答引出的问句时，如果是否定的，不能用mustn
't（不准），而用 needn't
,don't have
to (不必
)
# Must we hand
in our exercise books today
# Yes
, you must
# No，you don
't have to | you needn't
（
2）must 是说话人的主观看法，而have to 则强调客观需要，must 只有一般现在时，have to 有更多的时态形式
1.He paly isn't interesting
, I really must go now
2.I had to work when
I was your age
（
3）表示推测，可能性（只用于肯定的陈述句）
1.You
're Tom's good friend
, so you must know what he likes best
2.You mother must be waiting
for you now
四
. dare
, need
（
1）dare 作情态动词用时，常用于疑问句，否定句和条件从句中，过去式形式为 dared
1.How dare you say
I'm unfair
2.He daren't speak English before such a crowd
,dare he
3.If we dared not go there that day
, We couldn't
get the beautiful flowers
（
2）need 作情态动词用时，常用于疑问句，否定句，在肯定句中一般用 must
, have to
, ought to
, should 代替
1.You needn't come so early
2.Need
I finish the work today
. Yes
, you must
, No you needn't
（
3）dare 和 need 作实义动词时，有人称，时态和数的变化，
***在肯定句中，dare后面常接带to的不定式，在疑问句中和否定句中后面可接带to或不带to不定式
***而need后面只能接带to不定式
1.I dare to swim across
this river
2.He dosen't
dare (to
) answer
3.He needs to finish his homework today
五
.shall
,should
（
1）shall 用于第一人称，征求地方的意见
# What shall we
do this evening
（
2）shall 用于第二，三人称，表示说话人给对方的命令，警告或威胁
1.You shall fail
if you don't work hard （警告）
2.He shall have the book when
I finish it （允诺）
3.He shall be punished （威胁）
六
.will
, would
（
1）表示请求，建议等，would更委婉
# Will
/Would you pass me the ball
, please
（
2）表示意志，愿望和决心
1.I will never
do that again
2.They asked him
if he would go abroad
（
3）would 表示过去反复发生的动作或者某种倾向，would表示过去习惯时比used to正式，且没有“现已无此习惯”的含义
1.During the vacation
, he would visit me every other day
2.The wound would not heal
（
4）表示估计和猜想
# It would be about ten o'clock whe she left home
七
.should
, ought to
（
1）should
, ought to 表示 “应该”，ought to 表示“义务或责任”，比should 语气重
1.I should help her because she is
in trouble
2.You ought to take care
of the bady
（
2）表示劝告，建议和命令，should
,ought 可通用，常用should
1.You should
/ought to go to
class right away
2.Should
I open window
（
3）表示推测
should
, ought to（客观推测）
, must（主观推测）
1.He must be home by now （断定他已到家）
2.He ought to
/ should be home by now （不太肯定）
3.This is where the oil must be （直爽）
4.This is where the oil ought to
/ should be （含蓄）
501）前缀
一
.前缀 re
-
# re
- ，它可以加在名词或动词前面，构成新的名词或动词
1.表示“回”或者“向后”的意思
return（回来，返回），recall（回忆，召回），retract （缩回）
2.表示”再“，”重新“，”重复“
review（复习），reunion（团圆，重聚），restart（重新开始），recomstruction （重建）
3.表示”相反“，”反对“
robel（反叛，谋反），reverse（反转，颠倒），resist（抵抗）
二
.前缀
in-, im
-, il
-, ir
-
# 表示否定前缀，”不，无，非“等否定意义
1.以字母 b
, m
, p 开头的单词，其否定前缀为 im
-
imbalance
, immoral
,imposstible
2.以字母l
, r 开头的单词用 il
-,以字母 r 开头的用ir
-
illgal（不合法的），illogical（不合逻辑的）
,irregular（不规则的），irrelative（无关系的）
3.以其它字母开头，
in-
inhuman（不人道的），injustice（不分开的），inseparable（不可分的），incorrect（不正确的）
502）名词前缀
（
1）
-ster
, -eer
, -er（or
)
gamester赌徒
, gangster强盗
, songster歌唱家
, engineer工程师
, profiteer奸商
, mountaineer登山家
,
auctioneer拍卖商
, driver司机
, teacher教师
, director导演
, actor演员
, professor教授
（
2）
-let
booklet小册子
, leaflet传单
, starlet小明星
（
3）
-ette
leatherette人造革
, usherette女服务员
（
4）
-ess
actress女演员
, poetess女诗人
, hostess女主人
, paintress女画家
（
5）
-hood
boyhood童年
, childhood童年
, manhood成年
（
6）
-ship
leadership领导
, friendship友谊
, membership会员资格
, lectureship演讲
, sportsmanship体育精神
（
7）
-ful
cupful一杯
, handful一把
, mouthful一口
, spoonful一勺
503）名词后缀
（
1）
-tion
, -ion
action
, oppression
, possession
, education
, starvation
organization组织
, foundation基金会
（
2）
-ment
movement移动
（
3）
-al
arrival到达
, refusal拒绝
, recital陈述
, removal搬迁
（
4）
-age
wastage损耗
, coverage覆盖范围
, acreage面积
, shrinkage缩水
, breakage破碎
, hostage人质
（
5）
-ness
, -ity
, ty
happiness幸福
, usefulness有用
, selfishness自私
, kindness善良
rapidity快速
, activity活跃
, sanity理智
, changeability易变
（
6）
-ism 道义，主义，学说
idealish理想主义
, impressionism印象主义
, adsenteeism爱德主义
, recism背诵主义
504）动词后缀
（
1）
-ify
beautify美化
,diversify多样化
,simplify简化
（
2）
-ize
, -en
modernize
, popularize
, legalize
, hospitalize
, symbolize
ripen成熟
, widen扩大
, heighten增高
, threaten威胁
（
3）
-ate
originate起源
, hydrogenate氢化
, validate验证
, differentiate区分
505）形容词后缀
（
1）
-ful
useful有用的
, pitiful可怜的
, hopeful有希望的
, helpful有帮助的
, forgetful健忘的
, thankful感激的
, fearful害怕的
（
2）
-less
speechless无言
, childless无子
, harmless无害
, hopeless无望
, meaningless毫无意义
（
3）
-ly
beastly野兽般的
, manly男子汉般的
, brotherly兄弟般的
, friendly友好的
（
4）
-like
childlike
,一颗赤子之心 statesmanlike有政治家风度的
, tigerlike似虎的
（
5）
-y
, ish
sandy沙质
, silky柔滑
, hairy多毛
, leafy多叶
, watery水样
foolish愚蠢
, girlish少女
, blackish黑色
, thinnish瘦
（
6）
-some
troublesome麻烦的
, burdensome累赘的
, wholesome有益的
, tiresome讨厌的
, bothersome烦人的
（
7）
-able，ible
changeable多变
, readable可读
, drinkable饮用
, comfortable舒适
, expansible可扩展
, convincibel舒适
（
8）
-ed
wooded树木繁茂的
, moneyed有钱的
, odd
-shaped奇形怪状的
（
9）
-al
cultural文化
, personal个人
, regional地域
, musical音乐
（
10）
-ary
, ory
revolutionary革命性的
, imaginary虚构的
, contrary相反
（
11）
-ous
glorious光荣的
, erroneous错误的
, malicious恶意的
（
12）
-ic
, -ical
historic历史
, methodic有条理的
, heroic英雄的
, historical历史
, methodical有条理
（
13）
-ive
attractive有吸引力的
, talkative健谈的
, sensitive敏感的
, restrictive限制性的
, defensive防御性的
, preventive预防性的
, constructive建设性的
