项目管理知识整理一

文章目录

5大过程10大领域项目管理5大过程管理流程战略组织类型整体性目标性/相关性动态性项目监控配置项审计项目干系人原型法项目型组织商业智能4+1克鲁奇顿监理信息系统系统规划阶段系统分析 系统维护阶段过程域集成 安全管理信息安全数据安全数据安全 安全保护等级互联网+5G商用拍照信息系统规划工具软著过程项目论证 战略管理组织过程资产事业环境因素 需求管理收集需求马斯洛需求 质量管理质量控制质量管理原则资源平衡 成本管理成本估算成本基准沟通风险识别人事团队绩效开发 变更管理合同管理知识管理项目集流程实施 量化管理权限管理授权物联网软件工程类图业务招标索赔论证可行性索赔 项目管理WBS配置标识设计模式 采购管理术语产品特性 人力资源管理 哥们我做题无论作对做错，都会把解析按照自己的理解抄一遍，然后为了加深记忆再看一边，最后当然是方便查阅再放到博客上整理一遍，同时进一步加深记忆。

5大过程10大领域

项目管理

5大过程

5 大 过 程 = { 启动 规划 执行 监控 收尾 5大过程=\left\{ \begin{aligned} &\text{启动}\\ &\text{规划}\\ &\text{执行}\\ &\text{监控}\\ &\text{收尾} &\end{aligned} \right.\qquad\qquad\qquad\qquad\qquad\qquad\qquad\qquad\qquad\qquad 5大过程=⎩⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎨⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎧​​启动规划执行监控收尾​​

管理流程

管 理 流 程 = { 构想 推测 探索 适应 结束 管理流程=\left\{ \begin{aligned} &\text{构想}\\ &\text{推测}\\ &\text{探索}\\ &\text{适应}\\ &\text{结束} &\end{aligned} \right.\qquad\qquad\qquad\qquad\qquad\qquad\qquad\qquad\qquad\qquad 管理流程=⎩⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎨⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎧​​构想推测探索适应结束​​

战略组织类型

配 置 标 识 = { 识别 唯一标识 重要特征 所有者及责任 使劲按条件 建立和控制基线 维护文档和组件 配置标识=\left\{ \begin{aligned} &\text{识别}\\ &\text{唯一标识}\\ &\text{重要特征}\\ &\text{所有者及责任}\\ &\text{使劲按条件}\\ &\text{建立和控制基线}\\ &\text{维护文档和组件} &\end{aligned} \right. 配置标识=⎩⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎨⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎧​​识别唯一标识重要特征所有者及责任使劲按条件建立和控制基线维护文档和组件​​

整体性

$$整体性=\{\begin{array}{rlr}& \text{综合集成经济}& \\ & \text{技术运行}& \\ & \text{风险}& \\ & \text{环境}& \end{array}$$

目标性/相关性

$$目标性/相关性=\{\begin{array}{rl}& \text{时间}\\ & \text{知识}\\ & \text{逻辑三维结构}\\ & \end{array}$$

动态性

$$动态性=\{\begin{array}{rlr}& \text{项目生命周期}& \\ & & \end{array}$$

项目监控

$$项目监控=\{\begin{array}{rlr}& \text{随时收集干系人需求}& \\ & \text{测量项目绩效}& \\ & \text{分发绩效信息}& \end{array}$$

配置项审计

对配置项的处理是否背离了初始的规格说明或者批准的变更请求现象。配置标志的准则是否得到遵循。变更控制跪着是否已遵循，变更记录是否可供使用再规格说明软件产品和变更请求之间是否可保持可追溯性。

项目干系人

$$干系人管理=\left\{\begin{array}{cccc}& 权力\uparrow & 关注\uparrow & \\ & 权力\uparrow & 关注\downarrow & \\ & 权力\downarrow & 关注\uparrow & \\ & 权力\downarrow & 关注\downarrow & \end{array}\right\}=\begin{array}{rlr}& 重点管理，随时汇报& \\ & 令其满意& \\ & 随时报告& \\ & 最小精力监督他们& \end{array}$$

原型法

原型法：先开发，后修改

$$定级要素=\{\begin{array}{rlr}& \text{等级保护对象收到破坏时所受侵害的程度}& \\ & \text{对客体造成侵害的程度}& \end{array}$$

O S I = { 物理层  数据链路层  网络层 ip 传输层 例 T C P 协 议 会话层 例 建 立 节 点 ， 维 持 ， 终 止 通 信 表示层 应用层 OSI=\left\{ \begin{aligned} &\text{物理层 }\\ &\text{数据链路层 }\\ &\text{网络层 ip} \\ &\text{传输层} &例{TCP协议}\\ &\text{会话层} &例{建立节点，维持，终止通信}\\ &\text{表示层} \\ &\text{应用层} &\end{aligned} \right.\qquad\qquad\qquad\qquad\qquad OSI=⎩⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎨⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎧​​物理层 数据链路层 网络层 ip传输层会话层表示层应用层​例TCP协议例建立节点，维持，终止通信​

$$电阻=\{\begin{array}{rlr}& \text{交流工作接地电阻 < 4Ω}& \\ & \text{直流 < 1Ω}& \\ & \text{防雷 < 10Ω}& \end{array}$$

项目型组织

结构化方法：按照信息系统生命周期，应用结构化系统开发方法，把整个系统的开发过程分为若干个阶段。

商业智能

$$商业智能=\{\begin{array}{rlr}& \text{数据仓库}& \\ & \text{OLAP：多维度分析}& \\ & \text{数据挖掘}& \\ & \text{数据统计}& \end{array}$$

4+1克鲁奇顿

4 + 1 克 鲁 奇 顿 = { 逻辑 物理 开发 过程 场景 4+1克鲁奇顿=\left\{ \begin{aligned} &\text{逻辑}\\ &\text{物理}\\ &\text{开发}\\ &\text{过程}\\ &\text{场景} &\end{aligned} \right.\qquad\qquad\qquad\qquad\qquad\qquad\qquad\qquad\qquad\qquad 4+1克鲁奇顿=⎩⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎨⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎧​​逻辑物理开发过程场景​​

监理

$$监理=\{\begin{array}{rlr}& \text{监理大纲： 招标阶段的项目监理方案}& \\ & \text{监理规划：合同签约后，知道监理开发工作的纲领性文件}& \\ & \text{监理实施：知道规划下具有可实施的业务性文件}& \end{array}$$

信息系统

$$信息系统=\{\begin{array}{rlr}& \text{硬件}& \\ & \text{软件}& \\ & \text{数据库}& \\ & \text{网络存储设备，感知设备，外设，人}& \\ & \text{人员信息}& \\ & \text{处理信息规程}& \end{array}$$

$$项目特点=\{\begin{array}{rlr}& \text{目标不明确}& \\ & \text{需求变化频繁}& \\ & \text{智力密集型}& \\ & \text{设计队伍庞大}& \\ & \text{设计人员高度专业化}& \\ & \text{承包商分散}& \\ & \text{大量研发软硬件系统}& \\ & \text{项目生命周期短}& \\ & \text{大量新技术}& \\ & \text{维护非常复杂}& \end{array}$$

系统规划阶段

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.box{stroke:none;stroke-width:0;fill:#ECECFF;opacity:0.7}#mermaid-svg-ZelAKhP0QNXERVwV .edgeLabel text{fill:#333}#mermaid-svg-ZelAKhP0QNXERVwV .stateLabel text{fill:#000;font-size:10px;font-weight:bold;font-family:'trebuchet ms', verdana, arial;font-family:var(--mermaid-font-family)}#mermaid-svg-ZelAKhP0QNXERVwV .node circle.state-start{fill:black;stroke:black}#mermaid-svg-ZelAKhP0QNXERVwV .node circle.state-end{fill:black;stroke:white;stroke-width:1.5}#mermaid-svg-ZelAKhP0QNXERVwV #statediagram-barbEnd{fill:#9370db}#mermaid-svg-ZelAKhP0QNXERVwV .statediagram-cluster rect{fill:#ECECFF;stroke:#9370db;stroke-width:1px}#mermaid-svg-ZelAKhP0QNXERVwV .statediagram-cluster rect.outer{rx:5px;ry:5px}#mermaid-svg-ZelAKhP0QNXERVwV .statediagram-state .divider{stroke:#9370db}#mermaid-svg-ZelAKhP0QNXERVwV .statediagram-state .title-state{rx:5px;ry:5px}#mermaid-svg-ZelAKhP0QNXERVwV .statediagram-cluster.statediagram-cluster .inner{fill:white}#mermaid-svg-ZelAKhP0QNXERVwV .statediagram-cluster.statediagram-cluster-alt .inner{fill:#e0e0e0}#mermaid-svg-ZelAKhP0QNXERVwV .statediagram-cluster .inner{rx:0;ry:0}#mermaid-svg-ZelAKhP0QNXERVwV .statediagram-state rect.basic{rx:5px;ry:5px}#mermaid-svg-ZelAKhP0QNXERVwV .statediagram-state rect.divider{stroke-dasharray:10,10;fill:#efefef}#mermaid-svg-ZelAKhP0QNXERVwV .note-edge{stroke-dasharray:5}#mermaid-svg-ZelAKhP0QNXERVwV .statediagram-note rect{fill:#fff5ad;stroke:#aa3;stroke-width:1px;rx:0;ry:0}:root{--mermaid-font-family: '"trebuchet ms", verdana, arial';--mermaid-font-family: "Comic Sans MS", "Comic Sans", cursive}#mermaid-svg-ZelAKhP0QNXERVwV .error-icon{fill:#522}#mermaid-svg-ZelAKhP0QNXERVwV .error-text{fill:#522;stroke:#522}#mermaid-svg-ZelAKhP0QNXERVwV .edge-thickness-normal{stroke-width:2px}#mermaid-svg-ZelAKhP0QNXERVwV .edge-thickness-thick{stroke-width:3.5px}#mermaid-svg-ZelAKhP0QNXERVwV .edge-pattern-solid{stroke-dasharray:0}#mermaid-svg-ZelAKhP0QNXERVwV .edge-pattern-dashed{stroke-dasharray:3}#mermaid-svg-ZelAKhP0QNXERVwV .edge-pattern-dotted{stroke-dasharray:2}#mermaid-svg-ZelAKhP0QNXERVwV .marker{fill:#333}#mermaid-svg-ZelAKhP0QNXERVwV .marker.cross{stroke:#333} :root { --mermaid-font-family: "trebuchet ms", verdana, arial;} #mermaid-svg-ZelAKhP0QNXERVwV { color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.75); font: ; } 分析 预测 初步调查 组织目标战略 考虑约束

系统分析

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系统维护阶段

E-R图：数据模型，数据流图表示功能模型 状态转换图：行为模式

过程域

$$过程域=\{\begin{array}{rlr}& \text{可管理级：需求管理、项目计划、配置管理、项目监督与控制、供应商合同管理 、度量分析}& \\ & \text{已定义级：需求开发、技术解决方案、产品集成、验证确认、组织级过程焦点、组织级过程定义、组织级培训、集成项目管理、分析管理、集成化管理、决策分析和解决方案、组织集成环境}& \\ & \text{量化管理级：组织性能、定量项目管理}& \\ & \text{优化管理级：组织改革与实施、因果分析和解决方案}& \end{array}$$

集成

$$集成=\{\begin{array}{rlr}& \text{表示集成：界面集成}& \\ & & \end{array}$$

安全管理

信息安全

$$审计agent=\{\begin{array}{rlr}& \text{网络监听型Agent}& \\ & \text{系统嵌入式Agent}& \\ & \text{主动信息获取型Agent}& \end{array}$$

$$类型=\{\begin{array}{rlr}& \text{设备}& \\ & \text{数据}& \\ & \text{行为}& \\ & \text{内容}& \end{array}$$

$$策略=\{\begin{array}{rlr}& \text{定岗}& \\ & \text{定位}& \\ & \text{定员}& \\ & \text{定制度}& \\ & \text{定工作流程}& \\ & \text{定目标}& \end{array}$$ $$审计=\{\begin{array}{rlr}& \text{浏览}& \\ & \text{选择}& \\ & \text{事件选择}& \\ & \text{事件存储}& \end{array}$$

数据安全

$$数据安全=\{\begin{array}{rlr}& \text{秘密性}& \\ & \text{安全性}& \\ & \text{可用性}& \end{array}$$

数据安全

安 全 保 护 = { 一 、 个 损 二 、 个 严 社 损 三 、 社 严 国 损 四 、 社 特 严 国 损 五 、 国 特 严 安全保护=\left\{ \begin{aligned} &一、个\color{orange}损\\ &二、个\color{red}严&社\color{orange}损\\ &三、社\color{red}严 &国\color{orange}损\\ &四、社\color{brown}特严&国\color{orange}损\\ &五、国\color{brown}特严 &\end{aligned} \right.\qquad\qquad\qquad\qquad\qquad\qquad\qquad\qquad 安全保护=⎩⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎨⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎧​​一、个损二、个严三、社严四、社特严五、国特严​社损国损国损​

安全保护等级

$$等级=\{\begin{array}{rlrl}& 一、用户自主普通内联网用户& & \\ & 二、系统审计内联网、互联网活动，需要保密& & \\ & 三、安全标记地方各级国家机关& & \\ & 四、结构化中央各级国家机关& 五、访问验证级国防& \end{array}$$

互联网+

$$互联网+=\{\begin{array}{rlr}& \text{跨界融合}& \\ & \text{创新驱动}& \\ & \text{重塑结构}& \\ & \text{尊重人性}& \\ & \text{开放生态}& \\ & \text{连接一切}& \end{array}$$

5G商用拍照

$$5G商用拍照=\{\begin{array}{rlr}& \text{联通}& \\ & \text{移动}& \\ & \text{电信}& \\ & \text{广电}& \end{array}$$

信息系统规划工具

信 息 系 统 规 划 = { CU矩阵 RD矩阵 P/O过程组织矩阵  PERT 甘特图 信息系统规划 =\left\{ \begin{aligned} &\text{CU矩阵}\\ &\text{RD矩阵}\\ &\text{P/O过程组织矩阵 }\\ &\text{PERT}\\ &\text{甘特图} &\end{aligned} \right.\qquad\qquad\qquad\qquad\qquad\qquad\qquad\qquad 信息系统规划=⎩⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎨⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎧​​CU矩阵RD矩阵P/O过程组织矩阵 PERT甘特图​​

软著

$$软著=\{\begin{array}{rlr}& \text{发表}& \\ & \text{署名}& \\ & \text{修改}& \\ & \text{保护作品完整}& \\ & \text{使用}& \\ & \text{使用许可}& \\ & \text{获得报酬}& \\ & \text{转让}& \end{array}$$

过程

过 程 = { 文档编制：制定标准 配置管理：配置状态，发行评价管理 质量保证 验证过程：开发过程（编需测设） 确认：确认用途 联合审核：总评 审核：是否符合要求 问题解决：制定对策，解决方案（针对开发过程） 易用性：以人为本 过程=\left\{ \begin{aligned} &\text{文档编制：制定标准}\\ &\text{配置管理：配置状态，发行评价管理}\\ &\text{质量保证}\\ &\text{验证过程：开发过程（编需测设）}\\ &\text{确认：确认用途}\\ &\text{联合审核：总评}\\ &\text{审核：是否符合要求}\\ &\text{问题解决：制定对策，解决方案（针对开发过程）}\\ &\text{易用性：以人为本} &\end{aligned} \right.\qquad\qquad\qquad 过程=⎩⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎨⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎧​​文档编制：制定标准配置管理：配置状态，发行评价管理质量保证验证过程：开发过程（编需测设）确认：确认用途联合审核：总评审核：是否符合要求问题解决：制定对策，解决方案（针对开发过程）易用性：以人为本​​

项目论证

$$先论证=>\left\{\begin{array}{ccc}& 提出问题& \\ & 制定目标& \\ & 拟定方案& \\ & 分析评价& \end{array}\right\}=>\left(后决策\right)\text{\hspace{1em}(连续的)}$$

战略管理

$$战略管理=\{\begin{array}{rlr}& \text{战略制定}& \\ & \text{战略实施}& \\ & \text{战略评价}& \\ & & \end{array}$$

组织过程资产

$$组织过程资产=\{\begin{array}{rlr}& \text{标准过程}& \\ & \text{指导方针}& \\ & \text{指南}& \\ & \text{记录制度}& \\ & \text{财务}& \\ & \text{变更}& \\ & \text{风险}& \\ & \text{批准}& \end{array}$$

事业环境因素

$$事业环境因素=\{\begin{array}{rlr}& \text{行业标准}& \\ & \text{企业文化}& \\ & \text{人力}& \\ & \text{技能}& \\ & \text{培训记录}& \\ & \text{干系人风险}& \\ & \text{行业数据库}& \\ & \text{项目管理信息系统}& \end{array}$$

需求管理

收集需求

$$收集需求=\{\begin{array}{rlr}& \text{名义小组：(让不善言辞者表达观点)}& \\ & & \\ & & \\ & & \end{array}$$

马斯洛需求

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范围：可交付的成果 质量：可交付成果的正确性，符合质量要求（标准）

质量管理

质量控制

$$方式=\{\begin{array}{rlr}& \text{内部检查：质量部实施}& \\ & \text{确认范围：外部干系人（客户）检查验收}& \\ & & \\ & & \end{array}$$ $$标准=\{\begin{array}{rlr}& \text{规划质量}& \\ & \text{确认范围：外部干系人（客户）检查验收}& \\ & & \\ & & \end{array}$$

质量管理原则

$$质量管理原则=\{\begin{array}{rlr}& \text{顾客中心}& \\ & \text{领导作用}& \\ & \text{全员参与}& \\ & \text{过程方法}& \\ & \text{管理方法}& \\ & \text{持续改进}& \\ & \text{基于事实}& \\ & \text{供方互利关系}& \end{array}$$

资源平衡

$$资源平衡=\{\begin{array}{rlr}& \text{导致关键路径边长}& \\ & \text{不修复关键路径，工期不延迟}& \\ & \text{在自由浮动与总浮动时间内延迟}& \\ & & \end{array}$$

成本管理

$$开发总成本=\left\{\begin{array}{cc}& 研发成本\\ & 行政管理费\\ & 销售与分销费用\\ & \text{财务费用和折旧}\end{array}\right\}=经营成本$$

成本估算

$$成本估算=\{\begin{array}{rlr}& \text{成功估算 准确性随项目进展而越高}& \\ & \text{融资成本应纳入成本估算}& \\ & \text{项目进行发现变化但范围没变化，成本会受影响}& \end{array}$$

成本基准

成本基准：经过批准，按时间段分配的项目预算，$不同进度活动$经批准的预算综合。 $$成本基准=\{\begin{array}{rlr}& \text{支出}& \\ & \text{预计债务}& \\ & & \\ & & \end{array}$$

沟通

$$方式=\{\begin{array}{rlr}& \text{参与}(强)& \\ & \text{征询}(\downarrow )& \\ & \text{推销}(\downarrow )& \\ & \text{叙述}(弱)& \end{array}$$

$$交互方式=\{\begin{array}{rlr}& \text{交互式：会议电话}& \\ & \text{推式：新闻稿，日志传真}& \\ & \text{拉式：企业内网，电子在线课程}& \end{array}$$

$$沟通次数=\frac{(n-1)\ast n}{2}$$

风险

风险：检查并记录已识别的风险，及其根源方面有效性以及其管理过程的有效性。 风险在审计：第三方实施

识别

头脑风暴：综合风险德尔菲：访谈根本原因识别

人事

人事测评：洞察成员的优势和劣势

团队绩效

$$团队绩效=\{\begin{array}{rlr}& \text{达成目标}& \\ & \text{进度}& \\ & \text{成本}& \end{array}$$

开发

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变更管理

$$变更=\{\begin{array}{rlr}& \text{变更通过评审后，应重新确定基线}& \\ & \text{明确相关工作的评估，评审，执行的职能}& \\ & \text{适当时可以引入配置管理工具}& \end{array}$$

$$变更过程=\{\begin{array}{rlr}& \text{提出与接受变更申请}& \\ & \text{对变更的初审}& \\ & \text{变更方案的论证}& \\ & \text{项目管理委员会}& \\ & \text{发出变更通知并组织实施}& \\ & \text{变更实施的监控}& \\ & \text{变更效果评估}& \\ & \text{判断翻出变更后是否已纳入正常}& \end{array}$$

合同管理

目标成本：预期成本目标利润：预期利润

$总付款=实际成本+目标利润-0.2\ast (实际成本-目标成本)$ $想挣的钱=实际成本+目标利润$ $0.2=成本超支，买方负担20\%$

$$合同=\{\begin{array}{rlr}& \text{工料合同：不复杂,性质清楚}(双方承担风险)& \\ & \text{成本补偿合同：工作范围不清楚}(买方承担风险)& \\ & \text{总价合同：}(卖方承担风险)& \\ & \text{单边合同：}标准(无风险)& \end{array}$$

知识管理

$$\{\begin{array}{rlr}& \text{知识生成：新的想法}& \\ & \text{知识编码：表现知识}& \\ & \text{知识转移：企业内部传播}& \end{array}$$

项目集

$$\{\begin{array}{rlr}& 王⟷项目组合：利益最大化& \\ & 帅⟷项目集：做正确的事（保持一致）& \\ & 将⟷项目经理& \end{array}$$

流程实施

效 果 = { 产品和服务质量 顾 客 满 意 度 销售增长率 员工成本 员工 效果=\left\{ \begin{aligned} &\text{产品和服务质量}\\ &\color{red}{顾客满意度}\\ &\text{销售增长率}\\ &\text{员工成本}\\ &\text{员工} &\end{aligned} \right.\qquad\qquad\qquad\qquad\qquad\qquad\qquad\qquad\qquad 效果=⎩⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎨⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎧​​产品和服务质量顾客满意度销售增长率员工成本员工​​

量化管理

工 具 = { WBS 网络图 PERT 挣值分析工具 质量管理工具 工具=\left\{ \begin{aligned} &\text{WBS}\\ &\text{网络图}\\ &\text{PERT}\\ &\text{挣值分析工具}\\ &\text{质量管理工具} &\end{aligned} \right.\qquad\qquad\qquad\qquad\qquad\qquad\qquad\qquad\qquad 工具=⎩⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎨⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎧​​WBS网络图PERT挣值分析工具质量管理工具​​

权限管理

$$类型=\{\begin{array}{rlr}& \text{DAC}\rightarrowtail 指定对象访问（自主控制）& \\ & \text{DAC}\rightarrowtail 列表方式控制（最多，列表方式）& \\ & \text{DAC}\rightarrowtail 强制访问控制（军方，等级访问机制）& \end{array}$$

授权

$$组织授权=\{\begin{array}{rlr}& \text{职位}& \\ & \text{惩罚}& \\ & \text{奖励}& \end{array}$$ $$管理者\{\begin{array}{rlr}\rightarrowtail & \text{专家权力}& \\ \rightarrowtail & \text{参照权力}& \end{array}$$

物联网

$$类型=\{\begin{array}{rlr}& \text{感知层}\rightarrowtail 各种传感器、温湿度计、二维码标签、RFIR标签、读写器（自主控制）& \\ & \text{网络层}\rightarrowtail 平台，传递/获取& \\ & \text{应用层}\rightarrowtail 用户接口，应用& \end{array}$$ $$关键技术=\{\begin{array}{rlr}& \text{嵌入式}& \\ & \text{传感器}& \\ & & \end{array}$$

软件工程

风 格 = [ 数据流风格：过滤器管理 调用/返回风格：主/子程序，面向对象，抽象，层次 独立构件风格：进程通信，事件驱动 虚拟机：解释器 仓库：数据库，黑板，超文本 ] 风格 =\left[ \begin{aligned} &\text{数据流风格：过滤器管理}\\ &\text{调用/返回风格：主/子程序，面向对象，抽象，层次}\\ &\text{独立构件风格：进程通信，事件驱动}\\ &\text{虚拟机：解释器}\\ &\text{仓库：数据库，黑板，超文本} &\end{aligned} \right] 风格=⎣⎢⎢⎢⎢⎢⎢⎡​​数据流风格：过滤器管理调用/返回风格：主/子程序，面向对象，抽象，层次独立构件风格：进程通信，事件驱动虚拟机：解释器仓库：数据库，黑板，超文本​​⎦⎥⎥⎥⎥⎥⎥⎤​

类图

$$类型=\{\begin{array}{rlr}& \text{关联}\rightarrowtail 实例间的关系（非类间关系）& \\ & \text{依赖}\rightarrowtail 被依赖方影响依赖方& \\ & \text{泛化}\rightarrowtail 父子关系& \\ & \text{共享聚集}\rightarrowtail （聚合,类之间）非互相依赖& \\ & \text{组合聚集}\rightarrowtail 组合(公司⟺部门：公司注销，部门随之消失)& \\ & \text{实现}\rightarrowtail (java)的接口实现& \end{array}$$

业务

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招标

招标：20天

索赔

索赔：28天

论证

$$论证=\{\begin{array}{rlr}& \rightarrowtail 机会& \\ & \rightarrowtail 初步& \\ & \rightarrowtail 详细& \end{array}$$

可行性

$$可行性=\{\begin{array}{rlr}& \rightarrowtail 机会& \\ & \rightarrowtail 经济& \\ & \rightarrowtail 详细& \end{array}$$

索赔

索赔：28天

项目管理

输 入 = { 范围 进度 章程 事业环境 组织过程资产 输入=\left\{ \begin{aligned} &\text{范围}\\ &\text{进度}\\ &\text{章程}\\ &\text{事业环境}\\ &\text{组织过程资产} &\end{aligned} \right.\qquad\qquad\qquad\qquad\qquad\qquad\qquad\qquad\qquad\qquad 输入=⎩⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎨⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎧​​范围进度章程事业环境组织过程资产​​

WBS

$$\left\{\begin{array}{ccc}交付成功& 项目管理& \\ 负责人（一人）& 所有人参与& \\ 范围& 非不变& \\ 计划控制& 4-6层& \end{array}\right\}$$

配置标识

配 置 标 识 = { 识别 唯一标识 重要特征 所有者及责任 使劲按条件 建立和控制基线 维护文档和组件 配置标识=\left\{ \begin{aligned} &\text{识别}\\ &\text{唯一标识}\\ &\text{重要特征}\\ &\text{所有者及责任}\\ &\text{使劲按条件}\\ &\text{建立和控制基线}\\ &\text{维护文档和组件} &\end{aligned} \right. 配置标识=⎩⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎨⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎧​​识别唯一标识重要特征所有者及责任使劲按条件建立和控制基线维护文档和组件​​

设计模式

包含：名称、问题、目的，解决方案、效果、实例代码、相关设计模式处理范围：类模式、对象模式目的用途：创建型模式、结构型模式、行为模式处理范围：类模式（继承关系，静态关系）、对象模式（动态性），

采购管理

术语

验收测试：确定是否符合验收标准审计：评估是否符合软件需求，基线，标准，过程，指令，代码，合同，特殊要求的独立检查鉴定：一个正式的过程，鉴定系统不见是否符合规格说明，是否可在标准环境下操作走查：静态分析技术或评审过程

产品特性

ISAN：TCP/IP 小文件级共享，采用block级别存储。IDAS:专业文件服务器,专门存储。

人力资源管理

$$4大过程=\{\begin{array}{rlr}& \text{规划人力资源管理}& \\ & \text{组件项目团队}& \\ & \text{建设项目团队}& \\ & \text{管理项目团队}& \end{array}$$