Python global和nonlocal的作用域

it2025-01-08  8

python引用变量的顺序:

当前作用域局部变量->外层作用域变量->当前模块中的全局变量->python内置变量 。

global

# 定义了一个全局变量,(可以省略global关键字) gcount = 0 def global_test(): #如果在函数中声明 gcount 是全局变量,即可对其进行修改。 global gcount gcount+=1 print(gcount) #2!!!, 在局部如果不声明全局变量,并且不修改全局变量。则可以正常使用全局变量: gcount = 0 def global_test(): print(gcount) # 如果在局部不修改全局变量,程序正确输出 0

nonlocal关键字用来在函数或其他作用域中使用外层(非全局)变量

def make_counter(): count = 0 def counter(): nonlocal count count += 1 return count return counter

示例

def scope_test(): def do_local(): spam = "local spam" #此函数定义了另外的一个spam字符串变量,并且生命周期只在此函数内。此处的spam和外层的spam是两个变量,如果写出spam = spam + “local spam” 会报错 def do_nonlocal(): nonlocal spam #使用外层的spam变量 spam = "nonlocal spam" def do_global(): global spam spam = "global spam" spam = "test spam" do_local() print("After local assignmane:", spam) do_nonlocal() print("After nonlocal assignment:",spam) do_global() print("After global assignment:",spam) scope_test() print("In global scope:",spam) """ After local assignmane: test spam After nonlocal assignment: nonlocal spam After global assignment: nonlocal spam In global scope: global spam """
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