Linux离线安装MySQL

服务器：阿里云ECS 系统版本：CentOS Linux release 8.2.2004 (Core)

1.下载MySQL安装包

下载地址：https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/

2. 将mysql-5.7.32-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz上传到Linux的“/usr/local”目录下

3. 解压安装包

[root@iZm5e0ruj2b7jdo68j6u4nZ local]# tar -zxvf mysql-5.7.32-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz

解压后在“/usr/local”下面会多一个目录“mysql-5.7.32-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64” 将这个目录重命名为mysql

[root@iZm5e0ruj2b7jdo68j6u4nZ local]# mv mysql-5.7.32-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 mysql

4. 创建mysql用户组及用户，并给mysql用户设置密码

[root@iZm5e0ruj2b7jdo68j6u4nZ local]# groupadd mysql [root@iZm5e0ruj2b7jdo68j6u4nZ local]# useradd -r -g mysql mysql [root@iZm5e0ruj2b7jdo68j6u4nZ local]# passwd mysql Changing password for user mysql. New password: Retype new password: passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.

5. 在mysql目录下新建data文件夹用于存放数据库文件

[root@iZm5e0ruj2b7jdo68j6u4nZ local]# cd mysql [root@iZm5e0ruj2b7jdo68j6u4nZ mysql]# mkdir data

6. 在mysql当前目录下设定目录的访问权限

注:后面的小点，表示当前目录

[root@iZm5e0ruj2b7jdo68j6u4nZ mysql]# chown -R mysql . [root@iZm5e0ruj2b7jdo68j6u4nZ mysql]# chgrp -R mysql . [root@iZm5e0ruj2b7jdo68j6u4nZ mysql]# ll total 260 drwxr-xr-x 2 mysql mysql 4096 Oct 21 09:12 bin drwxr-xr-x 2 mysql mysql 6 Oct 21 09:16 data drwxr-xr-x 2 mysql mysql 55 Oct 21 09:12 docs drwxr-xr-x 3 mysql mysql 4096 Oct 21 09:12 include drwxr-xr-x 5 mysql mysql 230 Oct 21 09:12 lib -rw-r--r-- 1 mysql mysql 247914 Sep 23 20:00 LICENSE drwxr-xr-x 4 mysql mysql 30 Oct 21 09:12 man -rw-r--r-- 1 mysql mysql 587 Sep 23 20:00 README drwxr-xr-x 28 mysql mysql 4096 Oct 21 09:12 share drwxr-xr-x 2 mysql mysql 90 Oct 21 09:12 support-files [root@iZm5e0ruj2b7jdo68j6u4nZ mysql]#

7. 初始化数据库

[root@iZm5e0ruj2b7jdo68j6u4nZ mysql]# ./bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data

注：在执行完上述命令后 这个密码就是root的初始密码

8. 启动mysql

[root@iZm5e0ruj2b7jdo68j6u4nZ mysql]# ./support-files/mysql.server start Starting MySQL.Logging to '/usr/local/mysql/data/iZm5e0ruj2b7jdo68j6u4nZ.err'. [ OK ]

9. 登录mysql,修改root用户密码

[root@iZm5e0ruj2b7jdo68j6u4nZ mysql]# ./bin/mysql -uroot -p Enter password: Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 2 Server version: 5.7.32 Copyright (c) 2000, 2020, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. mysql> alter user 'root'@'localhost' identified by '123456'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec) mysql> exit Bye

10. 配置mysql允许远程访问

[root@iZm5e0ruj2b7jdo68j6u4nZ mysql]# ./bin/mysql -uroot -p Enter password: Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 3 Server version: 5.7.32 MySQL Community Server (GPL) Copyright (c) 2000, 2020, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. mysql> CREATE USER 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY '123456'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) #创建远程登录对象 mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to 'root'@'%' with grant option; #授权远程登录 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> flush privileges; #强制刷新 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> exit Bye

11. mysql的启动、停止、重启命令

[root@iZm5e0ruj2b7jdo68j6u4nZ mysql]# ./support-files/mysql.server start #启动命令 Starting MySQL. [ OK ] [root@iZm5e0ruj2b7jdo68j6u4nZ mysql]# ./support-files/mysql.server restart #重启命令 Shutting down MySQL.. [ OK ] Starting MySQL. [ OK ] [root@iZm5e0ruj2b7jdo68j6u4nZ mysql]# ./support-files/mysql.server stop #停止命令 Shutting down MySQL.. [ OK ] [root@iZm5e0ruj2b7jdo68j6u4nZ mysql]#