15 个 Kubectl 现有命令使用技巧 - 拿来即用

it2023-12-18 60

集群节点与pods

获取集群中所有non-running的pods(k是kubectl的命令别名)

☸️ CloudnativeEcosystem???? default ~  ???? ???? k get pods -A --field-selector=status.phase!=Running | \ grep -v Complete

获取集群中所有节点以及他们的内存大小

☸️ CloudnativeEcosystem???? default ~  ???? ???? k get no -o json | \ jq -r '.items | sort_by(.status.capacity.memory)[]|[.metadata.name,.status.capacity.memory]| @tsv' master.devopsman.cn 2029760Ki node1.devopsman.cn 2029760Ki node2.devopsman.cn 2029760Ki

查看每个node节点上运行多少pods

☸️ CloudnativeEcosystem???? default ~  ???? ???? k get po -o json --all-namespaces | \ jq '.items | group_by(.spec.nodeName) | map({"nodeName": .[0].spec.nodeName, "count": length}) | sort_by(.count)' [ { "nodeName": "node1.devopsman.cn", "count": 4 }, { "nodeName": "master.devopsman.cn", "count": 8 }, { "nodeName": "node2.devopsman.cn", "count": 11 } ]

pods资源限制limits与requests

使用Kubectl top获取消耗CPU和内存资源的Pod列表的方法，可以按需排序

☸️ CloudnativeEcosystem???? default ~  ???? ???? k top pods -A | sort --reverse --key 3 --numeric ... kube-system coredns-66bff467f8-7hktk 2m 18Mi default traefik-577bb96ffb-tx2p2 2m 32Mi kube-system metrics-server-58f6f5594b-rsh8h 1m 13Mi kube-system kube-sealyun-lvscare-node2.devopsman.cn 1m 10Mi kube-system kube-proxy-msrxn 1m 27Mi kube-system kube-proxy-fts6g 1m 23Mi kube-system calico-kube-controllers-84445dd79f-zbtk4 1m 14Mi default nginx-744f4df6df-8wmmj 0m 6Mi NAMESPACE NAME CPU(cores) MEMORY(bytes)

按照podsrestart的次数进行排序,当然还可以使用其他状态进行排序

☸️ CloudnativeEcosystem???? default ~  ???? ???? bash -c "kubectl get pods --sort-by=.status.containerStatuses[0].restartCount" NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE nginx-744f4df6df-8wmmj 1/1 Running 1 14d traefik-577bb96ffb-tx2p2 1/1 Running 1 14d dev-cluster-nfs-client-provisioner-755dcfbb-4fp86 1/1 Running 5 14d

6. 获取所有pods的limits和requests，并自定义列表头

☸️ CloudnativeEcosystem???? default ~  ???? ???? k get pods -A -o=custom-columns='NAME:spec.containers[*].name,MEMREQ:spec.containers[*].resources.requests.memory,MEMLIM:spec.containers[*].resources.limits.memory,CPUREQ:spec.containers[*].resources.requests.cpu,CPULIM:spec.containers[*].resources.limits.cpu' NAME MEMREQ MEMLIM CPUREQ CPULIM ... dev-cluster-nfs-client-provisioner <none> <none> <none> <none> nginx 128Mi 128Mi 500m 500m coredns 70Mi 170Mi 100m <none> coredns 70Mi 170Mi 100m <none> coredns 70Mi 170Mi 100m <none> etcd <none> <none> <none> <none>

如果不知道当前版本的资源文件如何写，哪些explain会帮助你获取最正确的信息

☸️ CloudnativeEcosystem???? default ~  ???? ???? k explain sts KIND: StatefulSet VERSION: apps/v1 # apiVersion DESCRIPTION: StatefulSet represents a set of pods with consistent identities. Identities are defined as: - Network: A single stable DNS and hostname. - Storage: As many VolumeClaims as requested. The StatefulSet guarantees that a given network identity will always map to the same storage identity.

集群网络

想要获取集群节点internal IP的方法

☸️ CloudnativeEcosystem???? default ~  ???? ???? k get nodes -o json | \ jq -r '.items[].status.addresses[]? | select (.type == "InternalIP") | .address' | \ paste -sd "\n" - 192.168.99.128 192.168.99.133 192.168.99.134

获取集群中所有的svc以及各自的nodePort

当flannel或者其他的容器网络插件CNI出现问题的时候，检查pod的路由信息是很重要的，下面列出pod的子网

☸️ CloudnativeEcosystem???? default ~  ???? ???? k get nodes -o jsonpath='{.items[*].spec.podCIDR}' | tr " " "\n" 100.64.0.0/24 100.64.2.0/24 100.64.1.0/24

集群日志

打印带有可读时间戳的日志

☸️ CloudnativeEcosystem???? default ~  ???? ???? k logs -f nginx-744f4df6df-8wmmj --timestamps 2020-10-05T08:43:32.3816926Z /docker-entrypoint.sh: /docker-entrypoint.d/ is not empty, will attempt to perform configuration 2020-10-05T08:43:32.381727847Z /docker-entrypoint.sh: Looking for shell scripts in /docker-entrypoint.d/ 2020-10-05T08:43:32.387449329Z /docker-entrypoint.sh: Launching /docker-entrypoint.d/10-listen-on-ipv6-by-default.sh

查看最新的pod日志

☸️ CloudnativeEcosystem???? default ~  ???? ???? k logs -f nginx-744f4df6df-8wmmj --timestamps --tail=50 2020-10-05T08:43:32.3816926Z /docker-entrypoint.sh: /docker-entrypoint.d/ is not empty, will attempt to perform configuration 2020-10-05T08:43:32.381727847Z /docker-entrypoint.sh: Looking for shell scripts in /docker-entrypoint.d/ 2020-10-05T08:43:32.387449329Z /docker-entrypoint.sh: Launching /docker-entrypoint.d/10-listen-on-ipv6-by-default.sh 2020-10-05T08:43:32.398286535Z 10-listen-on-ipv6-by-default.sh: Getting the checksum of /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf 2020-10-05T08:43:32.419095055Z 10-listen-on-ipv6-by-default.sh: Enabled listen on IPv6 in /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf 2020-10-05T08:43:32.419117067Z /docker-entrypoint.sh: Launching /docker-entrypoint.d/20-envsubst-on-templates.sh 2020-10-05T08:43:32.42342319Z /docker-entrypoint.sh: Configuration complete; ready for start up

打印pods内所有容器container的日志

☸️ CloudnativeEcosystem???? default ~  ???? ???? k logs -f nginx-744f4df6df-8wmmj --timestamps --tail=50 --all-containers 2020-10-05T08:43:32.3816926Z /docker-entrypoint.sh: /docker-entrypoint.d/ is not empty, will attempt to perform configuration 2020-10-05T08:43:32.381727847Z /docker-entrypoint.sh: Looking for shell scripts in /docker-entrypoint.d/ 2020-10-05T08:43:32.387449329Z /docker-entrypoint.sh: Launching /docker-entrypoint.d/10-listen-on-ipv6-by-default.sh 2020-10-05T08:43:32.398286535Z 10-listen-on-ipv6-by-default.sh: Getting the checksum of /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf

获取previous容器的日志,比如已经crashed的

☸️ CloudnativeEcosystem???? default ~  ???? ???? k logs --help |grep 'previous' # Return snapshot of previous terminated ruby container logs from pod web-1 -p, --previous=false: If true, print the logs for the previous instance of the container in a pod if it exists. ☸️ CloudnativeEcosystem???? default ~  ???? ???? k logs -f nginx-744f4df6df-8wmmj --timestamps --tail=50 --previous 2020-10-05T05:16:40.322078192Z /docker-entrypoint.sh: Configuration complete; ready for start up 2020-10-05T05:17:31.117726669Z 100.110.232.4 - - [05/Oct/2020:05:17:31 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 612 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_15_7) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like G 2020-10-05T05:17:31.433713897Z 100.110.232.4 - - [05/Oct/2020:05:17:31 +0000] "GET /favicon.ico HTTP/1.1" 404 555 "http://web.devopsman.cn/" "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_15_7) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/85.0.4183.121 Safari/537.36" "192.168.99.1" 2020-10-05T05:17:49.607617864Z 100.110.232.4 - - [05/Oct/2020:05:17:49 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 612 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_15_7) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/85.0.4183.121 Safari/537.36" "192.168.99.1"

通过label过滤想查看的所有pod的日志

☸️ CloudnativeEcosystem???? default ~  ???? ???? k logs -f -l app=nginx /docker-entrypoint.sh: /docker-entrypoint.d/ is not empty, will attempt to perform configuration /docker-entrypoint.sh: Looking for shell scripts in /docker-entrypoint.d/ /docker-entrypoint.sh: Launching /docker-entrypoint.d/10-listen-on-ipv6-by-default.sh

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