Dubbo

Dubbox是一个分布式服务框架，其前身是阿里巴巴开源项目Dubbo ，被国内电商及互联网项目中使用，后期阿里巴巴停止了该项目的维护，当当网便在Dubbo基础上进行优化，并继续维护，为了与原有的Dubbo区分，故将其命名为Dubbox。

Dubbo致力于提供高性能和透明化的RPC远程服务调用方案，以及SOA服务治理方案。简单的说，dubbo就是个服务框架，如果没有分布式的需求，其实是不需要用的，只有在分布式的时候，才有dubbo这样的分布式服务框架的需求，并且本质上是个服务调用的东西，说白了就是个远程服务调用的分布式框架。

Dubbo核心业务流程

节点角色说明：

Provider: 暴露服务的服务提供方。Consumer: 调用远程服务的服务消费方。Registry: 服务注册与发现的注册中心。Monitor: 统计服务的调用次调和调用时间的监控中心。Container: 服务运行容器。

调用关系说明：

服务容器负责启动，加载，运行服务提供者。服务提供者在启动时，向注册中心注册自己提供的服务。服务消费者在启动时，向注册中心订阅自己所需的服务。注册中心返回服务提供者地址列表给消费者，如果有变更，注册中心将基于长连接推 送变更数据给消费者。服务消费者，从提供者地址列表中，基于软负载均衡算法，选一台提供者进行调用， 如果调用失败，再选另一台调用。服务消费者和提供者，在内存中累计调用次数和调用时间，定时每分钟发送一次统计 数据到监控中心。

入门Demo

服务提供者开发

创建Maven工程（WAR）dubbodemo-service ，在pom.xml中引入依赖

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>cn.aynu.dubboxdemo</groupId> <artifactId>dubboxdemo-service</artifactId> <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> <packaging>war</packaging> <properties> <spring.version>4.2.4.RELEASE</spring.version> </properties> <dependencies> <!-- Spring --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-aspects</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-jms</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <!-- dubbo相关 --> <dependency> <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId> <artifactId>dubbo</artifactId> <version>2.8.4</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.zookeeper</groupId> <artifactId>zookeeper</artifactId> <version>3.4.6</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>com.github.sgroschupf</groupId> <artifactId>zkclient</artifactId> <version>0.1</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>javassist</groupId> <artifactId>javassist</artifactId> <version>3.11.0.GA</version> </dependency> </dependencies> <build> <plugins> <plugin> <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId> <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId> <version>2.3.2</version> <configuration> <source>1.7</source> <target>1.7</target> </configuration> </plugin> <plugin> <groupId>org.apache.tomcat.maven</groupId> <artifactId>tomcat7-maven-plugin</artifactId> <configuration> <!-- 指定端口 --> <port>8081</port> <!-- 请求路径 --> <path>/</path> </configuration> </plugin> </plugins> </build> </project>

在工程的webapps下创建WEB-INF文件夹，创建web.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd" version="2.5"> <!-- 加载spring容器 --> <context-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>classpath:applicationContext*.xml</param-value> </context-param> <listener> <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class> </listener> </web-app>

创建业务接口

package cn.aynu.dubbodemo.service; /** * 业务接口 * @author Administrator * */ public interface UserService { public String getName(); }

创建业务实现类

package cn.aynu.dubbodemo.service.impl; import com.alibaba.dubbo.config.annotation.Service; import cn.aynu.dubbodemo.service.UserService; @Service public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService { public String getName() { return "aynu"; } }

注意：Service注解与原来不同，需要引入com.alibaba包下的

编写配置文件applicationContext-service.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:dubbo="http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo" xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo/dubbo.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd"> <dubbo:application name="dubboxdemo_service"/> <dubbo:registry address="zookeeper://192.168.25.128:2181"/> <dubbo:annotation package="cn.aynu.dubboxdemo.service" /> </beans>

注意：dubbo:annotation用于扫描@Service注解。

测试运行

服务消费者开发

创建Maven工程（WAR）dubboxdemo-web

在pom.xml引入依赖 ，同“dubboxdemo-service”工程，区别就是把tomcat插件的运行端口改为8082。

创建web.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd" version="2.5"> <!-- 解决post乱码 --> <filter> <filter-name>CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-name> <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class> <init-param> <param-name>encoding</param-name> <param-value>utf-8</param-value> </init-param> <init-param> <param-name>forceEncoding</param-name> <param-value>true</param-value> </init-param> </filter> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-name> <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern> </filter-mapping> <servlet> <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name> <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class> <!-- 指定加载的配置文件 ，通过参数contextConfigLocation加载--> <init-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>classpath:applicationContext-web.xml</param-value> </init-param> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name> <url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> </web-app>

拷贝业务接口

将“dubboxdemo-service”工程的cn.offcn.dubboxdemo.service 包以及下面的接口拷贝至此工程。

创建控制层

package cn.aynu.dubboxdemo.controller; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody; import cn.aynu.dubbodemo.service.UserService; @Controller @RequestMapping("/user") public class UserController { @Reference private UserService userService; @RequestMapping("/showName") @ResponseBody public String showName(){ return userService.getName(); } }

注意这里的注入注解是 @Reference 而且是dubbo的包，别引错了

编写spring配置文件applicationContext-web.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:dubbo="http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo" xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo/dubbo.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd"> <mvc:annotation-driven > <mvc:message-converters register-defaults="false"> <bean class="org.springframework.http.converter.StringHttpMessageConverter"> <constructor-arg value="UTF-8" /> </bean> </mvc:message-converters> </mvc:annotation-driven> <!-- 引用dubbo 服务 --> <dubbo:application name="dubboxdemo-web" /> <dubbo:registry address="zookeeper://192.168.25.132:2181"/> <dubbo:annotation package="cn.offcn.dubboxdemo.controller" /> </beans>